Table 1.
Patients' clinical description
| Patient | Age/age of onset/sex | Epilepsy diagnosis | Seizure description | EEG | MRI/PET | Intracranial EEG | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 18/6/F | FLE | Frequent brief seizures with polypnea, head version to the right and contraversive eye deviation, followed by agitation and verbal automatisms | Delta slowing activity involving the right temporal anterior and basal lobe, and spiking activity located in right frontopolar and/or frontobasal regions | Normal brain MRI, FDG‐PET right frontobasal hypometabolism | Wide right frontal lobe involvement during ictal recordings | Carmazepine, 600 mg |
| 2 | 58/20/M | IGE | Rare tonic‐clonic seizures. Neither absence nor myoclonic seizures reported | 3 Hz spike‐and‐wave discharges without associated clinical symptoms | Normal brain MRI | ND | Phenobarbital 70 mg, Lamotrigine 100 mg |
| 3 | 24/18/F | IGE/JAE | Very frequent absence and rare tonic‐clonic seizures | 3Hz generalized spike‐and‐waves discharges accompanied by chewing or slight limb movements | Normal brain MRI | ND | Levetiracetam 1,000 mg, Lamotrigine 200 mg, Valproate 500 mg |
| 4 | 14/6/F | IGE | Myoclonic abscences | 3 Hz spike‐and‐wave discharges | Normal brain MRI | ND | Lamotrigine, Valproate |
| 5 | 44/36/F | Symptomatic partial epilepsy | Focal motor seizures | 3 Hz spike‐and‐wave discharges | Right perisylvian gliosis | ND | Clonazepam |
| 6 | 33/2/M | TLE | Sudden loss of contact, perseverative automatisms | Right frontotemporal interictal epileptiform discharges | Right periventricular heterotopia | ND | Lamictal 200 mg, Keppra 1000 mg |
| 7 | 21/11/M | FLE | Epilepsia partialis continua involving right hemibody | Left centro‐frontal interictal epileptiform discharges | Focal cortical atrophy | Left primary sensorimotor cortex | |
| 8 | 12/11/M | FLE | Initial loss of contact, rapid asymmetric secondary tonic‐clonic generalization | Theta rhythm in frontal lobe | Frontal dysembryoplasic neuroepithelial tumor | ND | Levetiracetam 2,000 mg + carbamazepine 400 mg |
| 9 | 15/M | Frontotemporal LE | Gamma rhythm in left frontotemporal. | Left frontoprecentral dysplasia | Left insulo‐opercular onset zone | Valproate | |
| 10 | 49/7/M | TLE | Epigastric aura, loss of contact and gestural and verbal automatism | Right frontotemporal interictal epileptiform discharges | Right periventricular heterotopia | ND | Carbamazepoine 800 mg, topiramate 200 mg, Phenobarbital 100 mg, clobazzam 20 mg |
F, female; M, male; FDG PET, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; FLE, frontal lobe epilepsy; IGE idiopathic generalized epilepsy; JAE, juvenile absence epilepsy, TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy; ND, not done