Figure 1.

A: Summary of neuroimaging studies highlighting functional specialization within the ACC. Green and red circles denote locations of increased activation during increased conflict monitoring and interference effects [Braver et al., 2001; Bush et al., 2003; Carter et al., 1998, 2000; Fassbender et al., 2004; Kerns et al., 2004; Kiehl et al., 2000; Laurens et al., 2003; MacDonald et al., 2000; Menon et al., 2001; Ruff et al., 2001]. The red circles denote activations associated with the compatibility (Eriksen) or conflict‐adaptation (Gratton) effects in studies using the Eriksen task [Botvinick et al., 2001; Bunge et al., 2002; Casey et al., 2000; Hazeltine et al., 2003; van Veen et al., 2001]. Orange triangles denote activations during error commission, predominantly during go/nogo tasks [Braver et al., 2001; Fassbender et al., 2004; Garavan et al., 2003; Kiehl et al., 2000; Laurens et al., 2003; Menon et al., 2001; Rubia et al., 2003; Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2001]. Yellow diamonds denote the locations of rostral ACC regions that have been linked to treatment response in depression [Buchsbaum et al., 1997; Davidson et al., 2003; Mayberg et al., 1997; Pizzagalli et al., 2001; Saxena et al., 2003; Smith et al., 1999; Wu et al., 1999]. Note that this region is pregenual, i.e., slightly more inferior and anterior than the one implicated in error processing. B: Location and extent of various ACC subdivisions as defined by the Structure‐Probability Maps [Lancaster et al., 1997] and displayed on the LORETA template. Coordinates in mm (MNI space); origin at anterior commissure; (X) = left(–) to right(+); (Y) = posterior(–) to anterior(+); (Z) = inferior(–) to superior(+). C: Mean (and SD) gamma current density within five general ACC regions for low (n = 16) and high (n = 17) BDI subjects. D: Mean (and SD) gamma current density within the affective and cognitive ACC subdivisions for low (n = 16) and high (n = 17) BDI subjects. *Group differences (P < 0.05).