Table I.
Description of the Experiments and Foci of Activations
| Active task | Control task | Modality of presentation | Cued/free response (pace in sec if cued) | Overt/covert response | Run duration (s) | Foci of activations in LIFG (x, y, z) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phonological fluency | ||||||
| Abrahams et al.,2003 | Word repetition (“rest”) | Auditory | Cued (6) | Overt | 60 | −46, 0, 26 |
| −46, 7, 31 | ||||||
| −42, 26, 15 | ||||||
| −42, 17, −2 | ||||||
| −38, 20, −7 | ||||||
| −48, 10, 9 | ||||||
| Brammer et al.,1997 | Word repetition (“rest”) | Auditory | Cued (15) | Covert | 30 | −43, 8, 26 |
| Curtis et al.,1998 | Word repetition (“rest”) | Auditory | Cued (3) | Covert | 30 | −40, 8, 26 |
| −46, 8, 37 | ||||||
| Fu et al.,2002 | ||||||
| Easy | Word repetition (“rest”) | Visual | Cued (4) | Overt | 28 | −51, 3, 20 |
| Hard | Word repetition (“rest”) | Visual | Cued (4) | Overt | 28 | −49, 22, −4 |
| −48, 20, 8 | ||||||
| Hutchinson et al.,1999 | Forward counting | Auditory | Free | Covert | 50 | −46, 20, 22 |
| Knecht et al.,2003 | Repetition of a memorized letter string (“bababa”) | Visual | Free | Covert | 15 | −50, 6, 26 |
| Lurito et al.,2000 | Visual fixation on a letter–like symbol | Visual | Free | Covert | 30 | −53, 14, 6 |
| Perani et al.,2003 | ||||||
| Bilingual | Silent rest | Auditory | Free | Covert | 30 | −44, 10, 32 |
| −54, 12, 24 | ||||||
| −36, 36, 4 | ||||||
| −30, 24, 4 | ||||||
| −42, 28, 0 | ||||||
| Phelps et al.,1997 | Word repetition | Auditory | Cued (3) | Overt | 48 | −46, 24, 18 |
| Schlösser et al., 1999 | ||||||
| Males | Forward counting | Auditory | Free | Covert | 50 | −52, 30, 12 |
| −48, 8, 26 | ||||||
| −48, 14, 20 | ||||||
| Females | Forward counting | Auditory | Free | Covert | 50 | −48, 14, 26 |
| −46, 28, 20 | ||||||
| Smith et al.,1996 | Silent rest | Auditory | Free | Covert | 30 | −47.5, 30.5, 2.5 |
| −41.5, 38.5, 2.5 | ||||||
| −45.5, 11.5, 24.5 | ||||||
| Paulesu et al.,1997 | Silent rest | Auditory | Free | Covert | 30 | −36, 24, 16 |
| −36, 6, 20 | ||||||
| Semantic fluency | ||||||
| Paulesu et al.,1997 | Silent rest | Auditory | Free | Covert | 30 | −36, 24, 16 |
| Crosson et al.,1999 | −30, 20, 12 | |||||
| Neutral | Word repetition | Auditory | Free | Covert | 18.4 | −51, 20, 3 |
| Emotional | Word repetition | Auditory | Free | Covert | 18.4 | −51, 22, 3 |
| Crosson et al.,2001 | ||||||
| Free | Word repetition | Auditory | Free | Covert | 17.4 | −37, 25, 4 |
| Paced | Word repetition | Auditory | Cued (2.9) | Covert | 17.4 | −40, 30, 2 |
| Gaillard et al.,2003 | Silent rest | Auditory | Free | Covert | 32 | −48, 22, −6 |
| Gurd et al.,2002 | Overlearned sequence (e.g., days of the week) | Auditory | Cued (2) | Covert | 30 | −36, 4, 28 |
| −36, 22, −10 | ||||||
| Pihlajamäki et al.,2000 | Forward counting | Visual | Free | Covert | −38, 24, 6 |
Cued or free response: whether the subjects where prompted to produce a word by an external cue or were free to produce them at their own rhythm. Run duration (s): time in seconds during which the subjects had to produce words for each run of the active task (there were several runs per experiment). LIFG, left inferior frontal gyrus.