Table I.

Summary of neuroimaging findings in behavioral mouse mutants

Mouse identification (implicated gene)	Mice (number, genotype and age)	Behavioral or motor phenotype	Image/analysis protocol(s)a	Neuroimaging protocol and findings
Bobbing head, curly tail	4 +/+	Repetitive bobbing or wobbling of head; similar to the loop‐tail (Kibar et al., 2001) phenotype	I/2,3	Enlarged ventricles (variably penetrant imaging phenotype, 15–120% volume increase)
	6 +/bhct
	(∼ 20 wks)
Shaky	6 +/+	Resting tremor	I,II	None detected
	8 +/shk
	5 shk/shk	Strong resting tremor	I,II	None detected
	(∼ 15 wks)
(Xie et al., 2007)	5 +/+	Unsteady wobbly gait, reduced locomotor activity	I/2,3	Cerebellum size decrease (7% decrease in total cerebellum‐to‐brain–volume ratio)
	4 +/wob
	(∼ 20 wks)
	8 wob/wob	Severe disability (ataxia)	I/2,3	Cerebellum size decrease (17% decrease in total cerebellum‐to‐brain–volume ratio)
	(∼ 20 wks)
Cerebellar deficient folia (Catna2) (Park et al., 2002; Bock et al., 2006)	5 +/+	Hind leg clasping, unsteady gait	I/2	Decreased volume of cerebellum, inferior colliculus and olfactory bulb
	5 cdf/cdf
	(∼ 11 wks)
Neural Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein N‐WASP (Wasl)	5 +/+	Severe disability (including limited mobility and impaired day‐to‐day function)	I/1	Gross morphological abnormalities, enlarged ventricles, failed development of normal brain anatomy (immature appearance)
	6 −/−
	(∼ 2–3 wks)
Sonic hedgehog pathway mutation	5 +/+	Severe disability (including limited mobility and impaired day‐to‐day function)	I/1	Decreased size of olfactory bulbs, massively enlarged ventricles with associated tissue deformation (notably at hippocampus)
	5 −/−
	(∼ 3–5 wks)
EphA4 (Epha4)	8 +/−	Hopping behavior	III/1,3	Abnormal formation of the anterior commissure (variable presentation)
	8 −/−
	(∼ 8 wks)
EphB2 (Ephb2) (Henkemeyer et al., 1996)	6 +/−	Timidity in behavioral test	III/1,3	Posterior portion of the anterior commissure appears mostly absent
	7 −/−
	(∼ 8 wks)
Huntington's disease model (expression of human huntingtin with 120 CAG repeats) (Slow et al., 2003; Van Raamsdonk et al., 2005)	9 wildtype	Hyper/hypo‐activity, progressive motor and cognitive deficits	IV/3	Decreased volume of striatum (−5%) and cortex
	9 YAC128
	(∼ 34 wks)
Schizophrenia mouse model (Disc1, two alleles, with homo‐ and hetero‐zygotes grouped) (Clapcote et al., 2007)	6 +/+	Impaired prepulse inhibition, impaired latent inhibition	IV/3	Decreased volume of cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum
	6 +/mutA
	6 mutA/mutA
	6 +/mutB	Impaired prepulse inhibition, impaired latent inhibition	IV/3	Decreased volume of cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum
	6 mutB/mutB
	(∼ 12wks)
Autoimmune mouse model MRL/MpJ‐lpr (Hess et al., 1993; Sakic et al., 1994, 2005)	5 MRL/MpJ +/+	Cognitive and neurologic deficits, increased timidity	IV/3	Decreased overall brain size
	5 MRL/MpJ‐lpr
	(male, ∼19 wks)
Cerebral ischemic damage (spontaneous mutation)	3 +/+	Development of excitability, lethargy, and postural abnormalities	V/1	Defect of brain vasculature perfusion
	6 cid/cid
	(∼ 21 wks)
Neuroimaging Summary	15 genotypes, 173 mice imaged			Findings in 13 mutants (87%)

^aRoman numerals refer to the imaging protocol description in the materials and methods section. Analysis protocol numbers indicate the criterion or criteria that established significance (as indicated in the image and statistical analysis subheading).