Table 1.
Comparison among patients with head and neck cancer receiving protons versus other modalities of radiation therapy.
|
Variable |
No. (%) |
P
value |
|
| Other radiation therapy | Proton therapy | ||
|
n = 220 074 (99.8%) |
n = 417 (0.2%) |
||
| Primary site | < .001 | ||
| Hypopharynx/larynx | 73 386 (33.3) | 36 (8.6) | |
| Nasal cavity/nasopharynx | 17 170 (7.8) | 151 (36.2) | |
| Oral cavity | 68 674 (31.2) | 98 (23.5) | |
| Oropharynx | 46 959 (21.3) | 65 (15.6) | |
| Salivary | 13 885 (6.3) | 67 (16.1) | |
| Age, y | .259 | ||
| ≤ 65 | 142 894 (64.9) | 282 (67.6) | |
| > 65 | 77 180 (35.1) | 135 (32.4) | |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index | < .001 | ||
| 0 | 176 583 (80.2) | 366 (87.8) | |
| 1 | 33 853 (15.4) | 42 (10.1) | |
| ≥ 2 | 9638 (4.4) | 9 (2.2) | |
| Chemotherapy | n = 213 454 | n = 399 | < .001 |
| No | 82 480 (38.6) | 228 (57.1) | |
| Yes | 130 974 (61.4) | 171 (42.9) | |
| Second primary | n = 220 058 | n = 417 | .901 |
| No | 171 722 (78.0) | 327 (78.4) | |
| Yes | 48 336 (22.0) | 90 (21.6) | |
| Race/ethnicity | n = 208 391 | n = 410 | .002 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 169 821 (81.5) | 342 (83.4) | |
| Hispanic | 9257 (4.4) | 19 (4.6) | |
| Black | 22 158 (10.6) | 25 (6.1) | |
| Other | 7155 (3.4) | 24 (5.9) | |
| Facility type | n = 219 974 | n = 417 | < .001 |
| Nonacademic | 130 852 (59.5) | 158 (37.9) | |
| Academic | 89 122 (40.5) | 259 (62.1) | |
| Insurance | n = 220 074 | < .001 | |
| Uninsured | 11 366 (5.2) | 10 (2.4) | |
| Private insurance | 93 556 (42.5) | 225 (54.0) | |
| Medicaid | 21 509 (9.8) | 23 (5.5) | |
| Medicare | 81 714 (37.1) | 146 (35.0) | |
| Other government/unknown | 11 929 (5.4) | 13 (3.1) | |
| Clinical T stage | n = 184 158 | n = 303 | < .001 |
| T1 | 48 515 (26.3) | 72 (23.8) | |
| T2 | 63 261 (34.4) | 91 (30.0) | |
| T3 | 38 031 (20.7) | 46 (15.2) | |
| T4 | 34 351 (18.7) | 94 (31.0) | |
| Geographic region | n = 213 723 | n = 367 | < .001 |
| Northeast | 43 346 (20.3) | 132 (36.0) | |
| Midwest | 56 491 (26.4) | 65 (17.7) | |
| South | 82 142 (38.4) | 64 (17.4) | |
| West | 31 744 (14.9) | 106 (28.9) | |
| Region of patient's residence | n = 220 074 | n = 417 | < .001 |
| Metropolitan | 175 724 (79.8) | 370 (88.7) | |
| Urban | 33 337 (15.1) | 29 (7.0) | |
| Rural | 11 013 (5.0) | 18 (4.3) | |
| Distance from the hospital | n = 212 686 | n = 408 | < .001 |
| < 13 miles | 117 114 (55.1) | 152 (37.3) | |
| ≥ 13 miles | 95 572 (44.9) | 256 (62.7) | |
| Median household income, US$ | n = 217 381 | n = 412 | < .001 |
| < $38 000 | 43 276 (19.9) | 41 (10.0) | |
| $38 000-$47 999 | 53 577 (24.6) | 82 (19.9) | |
| $48 000-62 999 | 57 417 (26.4) | 87 (21.1) | |
| > $63 000 | 63 111 (29.0) | 202 (49.0) | |
| Percentage with no high-school education | n = 217 523 | n = 412 | < .001 |
| ≥ 21 | 40 109 (18.4) | 61 (14.8) | |
| 13-20.9 | 60 010 (27.6) | 95 (23.1) | |
| 7-12.9 | 70 069 (32.2) | 123 (29.9) | |
| < 7 | 47 335 (21.8) | 133 (32.3) | |
| Year of diagnosis | n = 220 074 | n = 417 | < .001 |
| 2005-06 | 38 908 (17.7) | 51 (12.2) | |
| 2007-08 | 41 590 (18.9) | 53 (12.7) | |
| 2009-10 | 43 836 (19.9) | 40 (9.6) | |
| 2011-12 | 46 357 (21.1) | 71 (17.0) | |
| 2013-14 | 49 393 (22.4) | 202 (48.4) | |