Figure 3.

Direct contrast maps of native vs. non‐native speakers of German listening to correct (COR), semantically anomalous (SEM), and syntactically anomalous (SYN) sentences. Left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; A) shows increased activation for non‐native speakers of German in all conditions (see time‐courses). Due to increased activation of IFG in the SEM condition in native speakers as well, no significant difference is observed in IFG in the direct contrast between native and non‐native speakers in the final panel. Bilateral caudate nucleus (B) is also activated significantly more by non‐native speakers in all conditions. Left superior temporal gyrus (STG; C) shows greater levels of activation for native speakers than for non‐native speakers.