Table 2. Prehospital demographic, physiologic and injury characteristics of patients according to the type of transport (# included in the multivariate analysis).
| Direct transportation (n = 4031) |
Secondary transfer (n = 381) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demography and outcome | |||
| Age (year) | 37 (17) | 43 (20) | < 0.001 # |
| Male (%) | 3118 (78%) | 293 (77%) | 0.89 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 (6) | 25 (5) | 0.82 |
| ASA | < 0.001 # | ||
| 1 | 2888 (72%) | 248 (65%) | |
| 2 | 869 (22%) | 106 (28%) | |
| ≥ 3 | 90 (2%) | 18 (5%) | |
| Unknown | 184 (5%) | 9 (2%) | |
| AC/AP therapy | 146 (4%) | 40 (11%) | < 0.001 # |
| Professional situation | < 0.001 # | ||
| Working | 1936 (63%) | 193 (59%) | |
| Student | 420 (14%) | 44 (13%) | |
| No activity | 595 (19%) | 74 (23%) | |
| Other | 118 (4%) | 18 (6%) | |
| Mechanism of injury (all blunt) | < 0.001 # | ||
| MVA | 1343 (33%) | 98 (26%) | |
| Motorbike | 1753 (44%) | 147 (37%) | |
| Bicycle | 171 (4%) | 41 (11%) | |
| Pedestrian | 668 (17%) | 83 (22%) | |
| Other | 96 (2%) | 12 (3%) | |
| Hospital on-call period | 2818 (70%) | 268 (70%) | 0.75 |
| Ejection | 1319 (42%) | 96 (38%) | 0.23 |
| Global assessment of speed | 2630 (76%) | 187 (58%) | < 0.001 # |
| Death in the same vehicle | 105 (3%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.04 |
| Entrapment | 572 (14%) | 26 (7%) | < 0.001 # |
| Unstable pelvic trauma | 195 (5%) | 21 (6%) | 0.47 |
| Traumatic cardiac arrest | 99 (36%) | 27 (0.7%) | < 0.001 # |
| Sum of Vittel criteria ≥ 1 | 3999 (92%) | 317 (83%) | <0.01# |
| MGAP < 23 | 817 (21%) | 33 (11%) | <0.001 |
| Prehospital variables | |||
| SAP min (mmHg) | 115 (25) | 122 (23)† | < 0.001 |
| HR max (beats/min) | 94 (23) | 90 (19)† | 0.01 |
| SpO2 min (%) | 98 [95–100] | 98 [96–100]† | 0.85 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | 15 [14–15] | 15 [15–15] | < 0.001# |
| Pre-admission intubation (%) | 896 (22%) | 22 (6%) | <0.001 |
Qualitative variables expressed as n (%) and quantitative variables as mean (SD) or median [quartile1, 3] according to the distribution.
†: average missing data 22–26% (not missing at random)SAP (Systolic arterial blood pressure): 22.8% missing, HR (Heart rate): 22.6% missing, SpO2 (peripheral oxygen saturation): 25.7% missing.
BMI: body mass index, ASA: American society of anesthesiologists, AC/AP therapy: anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy, MVA: motor vehicle accident, min: minimal, max: maximal.
Vittel Criteria: French triage algorithm gathering 26 criteria to transport in a TC [18].
MGAP: Mechanism, Glasgow coma scale, Age, and arterial blood Pressure (prehospital score predictive of mortality) [20].