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. 2019 Nov 15;10:1366. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01366

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Copyright © 2019 Luisi, Lucarini, Biffi, Rafanelli, Pietramellara, Durante, Vidali, Provensi, Madiai, Gheri, Masini and Ceccherini

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evaluation of oxidative stress markers. (A) Bar graph shows the levels of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in controls and cases at T0 and T1. (B) Bar graph shows the levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in controls and cases at T0 and T1. Delta (Δ) values are calculated by subtracting the final value at 3 months from the corresponding initial value at baseline. Values are mean ± S.E.M. for n = 18 subjects/group. *p < 0.05 vs control,**p < 0.01 vs T0; ***p < 0.001 vs T0. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used for the analysis of differences among the groups; t-test was used for the variation analysis (Δ T1 − T0).