Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects According to Incident Diabetes.
| Characteristics | Diabetes (n = 505) | No Diabetes (n = 5735) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 52.08 ± 8.17 | 50.59 ± 8.17 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 167.70 ± 7.61 | 167.11 ± 8.09 | 0.114 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.23 ± 10.78 | 68.73 ± 10.88 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2 | 25.60 ± 2.86 | 24.51 ± 2.76 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.94 ± 0.32 | 5.59 ± 0.35 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 109.69 ± 10.32 | 101.83 ± 8.23 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.27 ± 7.87 | 83.74 ± 8.19 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.24 ± 14.12 | 121.04 ± 14.01 | 0.064 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.82 ± 8.92 | 75.49 ± 8.89 | 0.422 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.35 ± 35.13 | 196.36 ± 33.04 | 0.521 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 173.54 ± 108.95 | 142.75 ± 89.40 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.05 ± 11.42 | 55.53 ± 13.74 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 128.21 ± 31.06 | 126.85 ± 29.35 | 0.320 |
| Insulin (µIU)† | 9.09 ± 4.81 | 8.26 ± 4.55 | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR† | 2.48 ± 1.37 | 2.09 ± 1.20 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.80 ± 14.78 | 24.93 ± 15.62 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 31.21 ± 23.38 | 25.32 ± 25.61 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.92 ± 0.17 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 0.052 |
| % | |||
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 406 (80.4) | 4188 (73.0) | |
| Female | 99 (19.6) | 1547 (27.0) | |
| Current smoker | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 340 (67.3) | 3353 (58.5) | |
| No | 165 (32.7) | 2382 (41.5) | |
| Current alcohol drinker | 0.912 | ||
| Yes | 260 (51.5) | 2938 (51.2) | |
| No | 245 (48.5) | 2797 (48.8) | |
| Overweight/obesesity | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 424 (84.0) | 4069 (71.0) | |
| No | 81 (16.0) | 1666 (29.0) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 234 (46.3) | 2175 (37.9) | |
| No | 271 (53.7) | 3560 (62.1) | |
| NAFLD | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 344 (68.1) | 2486 (43.3) | |
| No | 161 (31.9) | 3249 (56.7) |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
†Insulin and HOMA-IR levels were not available for 1375 patients.