| The clinical characteristics of oral lesions in autoimmune bullous diseases may overlap and diagnostic tests are required to differentiate. |
| Immunofluorescence microscopy is essential for discriminating between autoimmune and non-autoimmune bullous diseases. |
| Direct immunofluorescence microscopy differentiates between pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases, and additional serological tests are required to diagnose paraneoplastic pemphigus. |
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