Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and post-intubation hypotension in hemodynamically unstable patients in the emergency department, according to ketamine use
| Ketamine group n = 316 (32%) |
Reference group n = 661 (68%) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 69 (55–79) | 67 (52–77) | 0.14 |
| Male sex | 209 (66) | 460 (70) | 0.28 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| <18.5 | 63 (20) | 111 (17) | 0.23 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 169 (53) | 398 (60) | 0.046 |
| ≥25.0 | 84 (27) | 152 (23) | 0.22 |
| Airway management characteristics | |||
| Primary indication* | |||
| Respiratory failure | 75 (24) | 246 (37) | <0.001 |
| Medical shock | 166 (53) | 144 (22) | <0.001 |
| Traumatic indication | 40 (13) | 98 (15) | 0.36 |
| Others† | 35 (11) | 173 (26) | <0.001 |
| Premedication use | 111 (35) | 216 (33) | 0.45 |
| Neuromuscular blocker use‡ | 254 (80) | 487 (74) | 0.02 |
| Specialty of intubator | |||
| Transitional-year resident§ | 92 (29) | 244 (37) | 0.02 |
| Emergency medicine resident | 136 (43) | 224 (34) | 0.004 |
| Emergency physician | 51 (16) | 121 (18) | 0.41 |
| Other specialties | 37 (12) | 72 (11) | 0.70 |
| Outcome event | |||
| Post-intubation hypotension|| | 47 (15) | 180 (27) | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
Data are shown as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.
†Defined as airway obstruction, altered mental status, and other medical indications.
‡With or without succinylcholine, rocuronium, or vecuronium.
§Defined as post-graduate years 1 or 2.
||Systolic blood pressure of ≤90 mmHg during the 30-minute period following intubation or ≥20% decrease in systolic blood pressure between pre-intubation and immediately after intubation.