Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the ACCTHEROMA Cohort
| Overall Population (N = 188) | NCAD (n = 27) | CAD |
p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NS-CAD (n = 39) | S-CAD (n = 66) | ACS (n = 56) | ||||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age, yrs | 65 ± 12 | 59 ± 9 | 68 ± 11 | 66 ± 12 | 66 ± 14 | 0.029∗ |
| Male | 131 (69.7) | 15 (55.6) | 23 (59.0) | 48 (72.7) | 45 (80.4) | 0.046 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 ± 4.9 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 28.0 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 5.5 | 27.6 ± 4.2 | 0.94 |
| Hypertension | 119 (63.3) | 8 (29.6) | 21 (53.8) | 52 (78.8) | 38 (67.9) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 104 (55.3) | 12 (44.4) | 17 (43.6) | 39 (59.1) | 36 (64.3) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes | 43 (22.9) | 1 (3.7) | 9 (23.1) | 14 (21.2) | 19 (33.9) | 0.022 |
| Prior history of CAD | 62 (33.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 36 (54.5) | 26 (46.4) | <0.001 |
| MI | 35 (18.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 19 (28.8) | 16 (28.6) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 47 (25.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 26 (39.4) | 21 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 16 (8.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (15.2) | 6 (10.7) | 0.017 |
| Aortic valvular disease | 34 (18.1) | 4 (14.8) | 14 (35.9) | 16 (24.2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Mitral valvular disease | 12 (6.4) | 7 (25.9) | 3 (7.7) | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Biological | ||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 14.1 ± 1.6 | 13.7 ± 1.3 | 14.1 ± 1.5 | 14.2 ± 1.4 | 14.0 ± 1.9 | 0.62 |
| Fasting glycemia, mg/dl | 100 (92–114) | 98 (92–105) | 99 (91–123) | 101 (93–108) | 105 (95–134) | 0.61 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.22 |
| CRI | 22 (11.7) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (7.7) | 12 (18.2) | 5 (8.9) | 0.24 |
| Non-HDL, mg/dl | 120 ± 45 | 124 ± 49 | 123 ± 39 | 112 ± 45 | 127 ± 46 | 0.32 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 50.4 ± 15.3 | 53.8 ± 15.6 | 56.5 ± 17.8 | 50.2 ± 13.6 | 44.7 ± 13.4 | 0.002† |
| TG, mg/dl | 102 (76–152) | 84 (66–132) | 95 (78–140) | 95 (75–146) | 126 (91–161) | 0.017‡ |
| hsCRP, mg/l | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.9 (0.5–2.1) | 1.2 (0.6–3.0) | 1.3 (0.5–3.6) | 1.7 (0.8–5.6) | 0.13 |
| Platelet count (×103)/μl | 244 ± 61 | 211 ± 38 | 268 ± 65 | 248 ± 66 | 240 ± 54 | 0.002∗§ |
| Multiplate analysis | ||||||
| ASPI test, AU∗min | 515 ± 278 | 549 ± 319 | 631 ± 258 | 507 ± 287 | 427 ± 228 | 0.004† |
| ADP test, AU∗min | 638 ± 217 | 626 ± 163 | 692 ± 132 | 643 ± 243 | 601 ± 249 | 0.24 |
| TRAP test, AU∗min | 1,101 ± 255 | 1,007 ± 258 | 1,177 ± 232 | 1,057 ± 226 | 1,146 ± 280 | 0.011∗ |
| D-dimers, ng/ml | 407 (281–686) | 282 (250–435) | 398 (288–573) | 407 (290–775) | 443 (349–706) | 0.018‡ |
| Medication | ||||||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 86 (45.7) | 6 (22.2) | 16 (41.0) | 43 (65.2) | 21 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers | 97 (51.6) | 9 (33.3) | 15 (38.5) | 39 (59.1) | 34 (60.7) | 0.022 |
| Lipid-lowering treatment | 111 (59.0) | 13 (48.1) | 16 (41.0) | 48 (72.7) | 34 (60.7) | 0.008 |
| Aspirin | 141 (75.0) | 13 (48.1) | 21 (53.8) | 55 (83.3) | 52 (92.9) | <0.001 |
| Dual antiplatelet therapy | 30 (16.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (18.2) | 20 (35.7) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 15 (8.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (9.1) | 9 (16.1) | 0.013 |
| Ticagrelor | 13 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.5) | 10 (17.9) | <0.001 |
| Prasugrel | 4 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0.35 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range).
ACCTHEROMA = prospective evaluation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase phosphorylation state in platelets as a marker of atherothrombotic coronary and extra-coronary artery disease; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ASPI = aspirin channel; AU = arbitrary units; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD = coronary artery disease; CRI = chronic renal insufficiency; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MI = myocardial infarction; NCAD = non–coronary artery disease; NS-CAD = nonsignificant coronary artery disease; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; S-CAD = significant coronary artery disease; TG = triglycerides; TRAP = thrombin receptor activating peptide.
Pairwise significant difference (p < 0.05) between NS-CAD and NCAD.
Pairwise significant difference (p < 0.05) between ACS and NS-CAD.
Pairwise significant difference (p < 0.05) between ACS and N-CAD.
Pairwise significant difference (p < 0.05) between S-CAD and NCAD.