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. 2019 Sep 4;4(5):575–591. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.04.003

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Empa Restores CMEC-Mediated CM Function During TNF-α Exposure

(A) Co-culture of CMEC with CMs increased CM shortening and (B) speed of relaxation, and (C) shortened tau. (A) Pre-treatment of CMECs with empagliflozin (EC+Empa) slightly increased CM contraction compared with CMEC alone (EC). (B) Empa pre-treatment increased CM return velocity but did not affect relaxation time, in comparison to CMEC alone. (D to F) Pre-incubation of CMEC with either TNF-α or a combination of TNF-α and Empa and subsequent co-culture of CMEC with CMs. (D) Co-treatment of TNF-α-stimulated CMEC with Empa prevented reduction of CM contraction in comparison to TNF-α stimulation alone. Co-treatment with Empa also maintained CMEC beneficial effect on (E) CM relaxation velocity and (F) tau. (A to C) Graphs representing single CMs isolated from 1 individual rat, distributed into the 3 corresponding experimental conditions; 30 to 40 CMs were measured per condition. Data are representative of 3 independent experiments. (D to F) Graphs representing single CMs isolated from 1 individual rat, distributed into the 4 corresponding experimental conditions; 30 to 40 CMs were measured per condition. Data are representative of 5 independent experiments; all data are represented as mean ± SD. Abbreviations as in Figures 1, 2, and 3.