Table 1.
Descriptive clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and HCs.
| N | HCs | RRMS | PPMS | SPMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | 73 | 12 | 20 | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 29.3 (10.1) | 39.2 (10.3)a | 52.4 (7.0)b | 53.3 (8.7)b |
| Gender, female/male | 14/9 | 48/25c | 6/6 | 7/13 |
| Disease duration, years | NA | 6 (2–12.5) | 5.5 (1.25–8) | 18 (12.3–22.8)d,e |
| EDSS | NA | 2 (1–3) | 4.5 (3–6)f | 6.5 (5.1–8.4)g |
| Relapse 3 months prior to LP, yes/no | NA | 22/51 | 0/12 | 0/20 |
| DMT | ||||
| No previous treatment | NA | 34 | 11 | 16 |
| First-line treatment | NA | 21 | 0 | 3 |
| Second-line treatment | NA | 18 | 1 | 1 |
| QAlb | 3.9 (3.3–5.8) | 4.9 (3.9–6.32) | 5.2 (4.4–6.0) | 6.9 (5.1–9.7) |
| Fingolimod | Alemtuzumab | |||
| N | 20 | 15 | ||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 38.5 (10.3) | 40.3 (7.7) | ||
| Gender, female/male | 9/11 | 9/6 | ||
| Disease duration, years | 7 (3–11.8) | 4 (3–13) | ||
| EDSS | 3 (1.1–3.5) | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | ||
| Relapse 3 months prior to LP, yes/no | 6/14 | 0/15 | ||
| DMT baseline | ||||
| No previous treatment | 1 | 0 | ||
| First-line treatment | 13 | 2 | ||
| Second-line treatment | 6 | 13 | ||
| QAlb | 5.1 (3.2–6.6) | 5.2 (3.2–6.4) | ||
Data are presented as n or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise noted. HCs, healthy controls; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; SPMS, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; LP, lumbar puncture; DMT, disease-modifying therapies; QAlb, albumin ratio. First-line treatment = interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate. Second-line treatment = natalizumab, fingolimod, rituximab.
ap < 0.05 RRMS versus HCs.
bp = 0.001 PPMS or SPMS versus HCs.
cp < 0.01 female versus male in RRMS.
dp < 0.001 SPMS versus RRMS.
ep < 0.01 SPMS versus PPMS.
fp < 0.05 PPMS versus RRMS.
gp < 0.001 SPMS versus RRMS.