Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics; M: Male; F: Female; BMI: Body mass index; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; ABC: Activities specific balance confidence scale; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale; PIGD: Postural instability and gait disorder phenotype; ID: Indeterminate phenotype; TD: Tremor dominant phenotype; t(df): t-value at degree of freedom; p showing the statistical difference between PD and HC. In bold significant p values (p < 0.05).
| Characteristics | HC (n = 184) Mean ± SD |
PD (n = 119) Mean ± SD |
t(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/F (n) | 78/106 | 79/40 | — | <0.001 |
| Age (year) | 69.974 ± 7.711 | 66.898 ± 10.488 | t(199.23) = 2.75 | 0.006 |
| Height (m) | 1.675 ± 0.097 | 1.696 ± 0.083 | t(278.05) = −2.02 | 0.045 |
| Weight (Kg) | 76.544 ± 14.691 | 78.678 ± 15.115 | t(301) = −1.22 | 0.223 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 27.169 ± 3.913 | 27.233 ± 4.396 | t(300) = −0.13 | 0.896 |
| MMSE (0–30) | 29.29 ± 1.019 | 28.66 ± 1.304 | t(301) = 4.69 | <0.001 |
| ABCs (0–100%) | 91.816 ± 10.902 | 82.597 ± 18.985 | t(301) = 5.36 | <0.001 |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD, mg/day) | — | 175.893 ± 143.724 | — | — |
| Freezing of gait score (FOG) | — | 0.681 ± 2.718 | — | — |
| Hoehn and Yahr - Median | — | 2 | — | — |
| Hoehn and Yahr (n) - HY I | — | 28 | — | — |
| HY II | — | 70 | — | — |
| HY III | — | 21 | — | — |
| Time from Clinical Diagnosis (months) | — | 6.23 ± 4.89 | — | — |
| MDS-UPDRS III – Item 3.10 | — | 0.571 ± 0.671 | — | — |
| MDS-UPDRS III – overall | — | 25.37 ± 10.399 | — | — |
| MDS-UPDRS III for HY I | — | 16.82 ± 5.604 | — | — |
| MDS-UPDRS III for HY II | — | 27.49 ± 10.61 | — | — |
| MDS-UPDRS III for HY III | — | 29.71 ± 8.307 | — | — |
| Motor Phenotype (n) - PIGD | — | 55 | — | — |
| ID | — | 11 | — | — |
| TD | — | 33 | — | — |