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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 May;72(5):622–629. doi: 10.1002/acr.23887

Figure 1.

Time to incident severe SLE manifestation following SLE diagnosis, stratified by race/ethnicity, among prevalent SLE cases in San Francisco County, 2007 – 2009

Figure 1.

Combined outcome includes any of lupus nephritis, thrombocytopenia, neuropsychiatric lupus, or APS. Any of the following surrogate labs were used to define lupus nephritis: 24 hour urine for protein > 500mg, 24 hour urine protein/creatinine ratio > 0.5, or spot protein/creatinine ratio > 0.5. Neuropsychiatric lupus manifestations studied include: seizures, psychosis, and acute confusional state.

API = Asian/Pacific Islander, SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, APS = antiphospholipid antibody syndrome