8. Dietary intervention compared to usual care for people living beyond cancer: dietary outcomes.
| Dietary intervention compared to usual care for people living beyond cancer: dietary outcomes | ||||||
| Patient or population: people living beyond cancer Setting: community Intervention: dietary intervention Comparison: usual care | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with usual care | Risk with dietary intervention | |||||
| Energy intake/mean assessed as kcal Follow‐up: 12 months | Mean energy intake/mean was 1503 kcal | MD 59.13 kcal fewer (156.05 fewer to 37.79 more) | ‐ | 3283 (5 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatea | |
| Fruit and vegetable servings assessed as servings Follow‐up: 12 months | Mean fruit and vegetable servings was 4.56 servings | MD 0.41 servings higher (0.1 higher to 0.71 higher) | ‐ | 834 (5 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderateb | |
| Fibre intake assessed as g Follow‐up: 12 months | Mean fibre intake was 15.6 g | MD 5.12 g higher (0.66 lower to 10.9 higher) | ‐ | 3127 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowc,d | |
| Diet Quality Index Follow‐up: 12 months | Mean Diet Quality Index was 64.7 | MD 3.46 higher (1.54 higher to 5.38 higher) | ‐ | 747 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatee | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; RCT: randomised controlled trial. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High‐certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate‐certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low‐certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low‐certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded one level due to wide variation in effect estimates across studies. bDowngraded one level due to indirectness. cDowngraded two levels for high level of inconsistency between studies. dDowngraded one level as CI is not narrow. eDowngraded one level due to risk of bias.