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The effect of cilnidipine on mRNA expression of various genes related to AF-induced conduction changes: (A) sodium-channel gene SCN5A, (B) connexin genes GJA1 and GJA5, (C) collagen genes Col1A1 and Col3A1. AF-induced gene dysregulation was significantly attenuated by cilnidipine (n = 8 dogs/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. Sham, by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. AF + cilnidipine, by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
