Table 3.
Alterations after 12 weeks of Functional Training (FT, n=16), Traditional Training (TT, n=14) and Control Group (CG, n=15) in the maximum isometric strength, rate of force development and endurance of trunk muscles. Values presented as means and standard deviations.
| Pre-test | Post-test | Δ (%) | ES | Main Effect (group) |
Main Effect (time) |
Interactions (time x group) |
Contrast of adjusted mean values |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk Flexors Force (N) | ||||||||
| FT | 229.85 ± 58.9 | 281.14 ± 65.0 | 22% | 0.87 | p=0.855 | p=0.045 | p=0.566 | p=0.002 * |
| TT | 235.15 ± 84.4 | 261.36 ± 93.8 | 11% | 0.31 | p=0.108 | |||
| CG | 239.19 ± 59.01 | 252.15 ± 68.18 | 5% | 0.22 | p=0.361 | |||
| Flexors’ RFD (N/s) | ||||||||
| FT | 16.0 ± 7.4 | 29.45 ± 17.21 | 84% | 1.81 | p=0.994 | p=0.001 | p=0.415 | p=0.001 * |
| TT | 18.65 ± 11.55 | 26.39 ±15.0 | 42% | 0.67 | p=0.033 * | |||
| CG | 20.22 ± 8.77 | 25.51 ± 12.7 | 26% | 0.60 | p=0.09 | |||
| Flexors’ Endurance (s) | ||||||||
| FT | 72.37 ± 66.94 | 86.18 ± 69.5 | 19% | 0.21 | p=0.294 | p=0.621 | p=0.221 | p=0.001 * |
| TT | 90.28 ± 81.61 | 100.07 ± 83.67 | 11% | 0.12 | p=0.008 * | |||
| CG | 53.3 ± 46.4 | 57.73 ± 50.65 | 9% | 0.10 | p=0.127 | |||
| Trunk Extensors Force (N) | ||||||||
| FT | 262.8 ± 72.0 | 306.55 ± 78.56 | 17% | 0.61 | p=0.401 | p=0.135 | p=0.426 | p=0.003 * |
| TT | 258.32 ± 97.1 | 288.10 ± 76.4 | 12% | 0.31 | p=0.059 | |||
| CG | 261.28 ± 61.46 | 257.1 ± 58.8 | -1% | -0.06 | p=0.788 | |||
| Extensors’ RFD (N/s) | ||||||||
| FT | 24.58 ±10.4 | 28.59 ± 9.6 | 16% | 0.40 | p=0.023 | p=0.169 | p=0.665 | p=0.050 * |
| TT | 25.96 ± 9.0 | 30.44 ± 14.7 | 17% | 0.49 | p=0.003 * | |||
| CG | 21.18 ± 6.65 | 21.42 ± 9.6 | 1% | 0.04 | p=0.927 | |||
| Extensors’ Endurance (s) | ||||||||
| FT | 106.62 ± 52,.9 | 121.00 ± 65.1 | 13% | 0.27 | p=0.010 | p=0.509 | p=0.918 | p=0.017 * |
| TT | 120.85 ± 73.3 | 128.7 ± 70.1 | 6% | 0.10 | p=0.226 | |||
| CG | 79.26 ± 46.5 | 81.3 ± 44.7 | 3% | 0.04 | p=0.819 | |||
Data analyzed from a two way ANCOVA (3-group x 2 times), ES; (Effect size); N (Newtons); RFD (Rate of force development); s (seconds);
* p ≤ 0.05 (statistical significance pre- to post-test).