An overlay of IGF-1R–bound human IGF-1 with Asp-58–IGF-1. Human IGF-1 is in light blue (PDB code 5U8Q from Ref. 19), and a representative (lowest energy) NMR structure of Asp-58–IGF-1 is in orange (PDB code 6RVA). The receptor site 1′ is represented by L1 domain (in gray) and α-CT peptide (in black). The enlarged window on the left shows side chains of hormones' Glu-58, Asp-58, or Arg-704 (from α-CT) and two other IGF-1 arginines (Arg-21 and Arg-55) as sticks with nitrogen atoms in blue and oxygen atoms in red. Some possible interactions of Glu-58 and Arg-704, Arg-21, and Arg-55 residues identified in the complex are indicated by dashed lines with distances in Å.