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. 2019 Oct 14;98(13):1458–1468. doi: 10.1177/0022034519882000

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

The domains of Nell-1 and Nell-1’s isoforms as well as the known functions of Nell-1. (A) Nell-1 has a length of 810 amino acids and is composed by a secretion signal peptide, an NH2-terminal von Willebrand factor C (vWC) domain, 4 vWC domains, and 6 epidermal growth factor–like (EGF) domains. Nell-1 short isoform, also known as Nell-1 570, is an N-terminal-truncated Nell-1 isoform. Nell-1-ΔE is lacking 1 calcium-binding EGF-like domain. The molecular weight of the full-length Nell-1 and its isoforms before and after posttranslational modifications (PTMs) based on previous publications are stated in the figure. The LamG domain of Nell-1 can bind to apoptosis-related protein 3 (APR3), heparin, and contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4). The CC region is in charge of the formation of homo-oligomers. The EGF domains can bind to protein kinase C βI (PKCβI), while the second and third EGF domains can also bind to roundabout 2 (Robo2). The last 2 vWC domains can bind to integrin α3β1. (B) The current known functions of Nell-1.