Table 3.
Summary of relevant articles not included based on study type.
| Setting | Study design | Sample size | Subjects | Trial period | End-points | Method or intervention | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reduction of cardiovascular risk after preeclampsia: the role of framing and perceived probability in modifying behavior (17) |
Questionnaire | Survey |
N = 175 answers N = 165 complete (people who declined not recorded) |
Female obstetric nurses | N/A | Willingness to modify behavior (Likert scale) - Activity - Diet - Annual BP check |
Survey presenting two cases (high and low risk of CVD post PE pregnancy) |
Statistically significant willingness to modify behavior; affected by the perceived probability of poor outcome (p = 0.001). |
| Cardiovascular risk reduction and weight management at a hospital-based postpartum preeclampsia clinic (18) |
Retrospective cohort study | Review of medical recordsSingle center (Edmonton, Alberta, CA) |
N = 104 (initial visit) N = 21 completing 6 months |
Minimum 6 months; Average 4.4 ± 1.4 months post-partum | BMI Physical activity |
Attending dedicated, MDT, post-partum clinic (PPPEC) - Education on risks; - Assessment of risk - Weight mgmt. focus |
Non-significant changes in BMI (mean weight loss 0.4 ± 4.5 kg; mean BMI decrease 0.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2) Significant changes in physical activity [14% prior to pregnancy, to 76% at mean 4.4 months postpartum) NB: Mean GA = 31, Mean BMI 31 |
|
| Prevention of cardiovascular risk in women who had hypertension during pregnancy after 36 weeks gestation (19) |
Subgroup cohort from prior RCT | Survey and risk assessment | N = 306 random sample from HYPITAT for risk assessment, N = 257 answered questionnaires | Women with hypertension affected pregnancy who participated in prior HYPITAT trial | 3.5 years post-partum, 1 year after CVD risk assessment |
Hypertension, BMI reduction, smoking status, lipid and BSL levels |
Survey 1 year after CVD risk assessment | Reduction in self-reported smoking (42%), reduction in BMI ≥ 5% (31%) |
| Risk of cardiovascular disease after pre-eclampsia and the effect of lifestyle interventions: a literature -based study (20) |
Literature-based study | Estimate diff in CVD risk in PE v uncomplicated pregnancy. Effects of lifestyle intervention estimated Risk prediction models used. |
N = 16 studies included | Women with hypertension affected pregnancy and women with uncomplicated pregnancies | N/A | Primary: Cardiovascular risk after pre-eclampsia compared with an uncomplicated pregnancy Secondary: effects of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular risk |
Review of cardiovascular risk in 16 studies Calculation of difference in risk and odds ratio using risk prediction models, and calculation of risk reduction with lifestyle interventions of (exercise, dietary habits, and smoking cessation decrease) |
After PE, lifestyle interventions (diet/exercise), smoking cessation, decreased CVD risk by 4–13% (OR 0.91) |
PE, Preeclampsia; CVD, Cardiovascular disease; BP, blood pressure; BMI, Body Mass Index; MDT, multidisciplinary team; BSL, blood sugar level; GA, gestational age; OR, odds ratio.