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Catechin and proanthocyanidins (PAs) have antifungal activity against P. populi. (A) Radial mycelial growth of the fungus in culture medium supplemented with catechin or PAs at in planta concentrations. (B) Representative pictures of the fungus growing in culture media at 14 days: (i) control medium, (ii) PA medium (2 mg ml-1),and (iii) catechin medium (2 mg ml-1). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test (***, p < 0.001). Data presented are mean ± SE (n = 7). d, day.
