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. 2019 Nov 15;10:1441. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01441

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Copyright © 2019 Ullah, Unsicker, Reichelt, Gershenzon and Hammerbacher

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flavan-3-ol monomers and proanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulate in black poplar stems in response to infection by P. populi. Concentrations of (A) flavan-3-ol monomers, (B) PA dimers and oligomers, and (C) flavan-3-ol monomers after hydrolysis of PA oligomers. Trees approximately 1 m in height were inoculated with P. populi after wounding and control trees were inoculated with the culture medium only. Samples were harvested from separate trees at each time point. Catechin, gallocatechin, and PA dimers were analyzed by LC-tandem mass spectrometry. PA oligomers were measured by HPLC-FLD. The levels of PAs were calculated as catechin equivalents. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test (*, p ≤ 0.05; **, p < 0.01; and ***, p < 0.001; ns, non-significant). Bars represent mean ± SE (n = 5). dpi, days post inoculation, DW, dry weight; w, wounded; Pp, P. populi.