Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Autophagic pathways common in OS. Under different stress conditions, i.e., starvation and hypoxia, autophagy is triggered by signaling cascades including mTOR, HIF-1, and ROS/JNK, which play opposite roles in the induction of this process. The inhibition of autophagy is mTOR-dependent, whereas oxygen deficiency and ROS signaling are associated with activation of autophagy, eventually leading to either survival or death of OS cells.
