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. 2019 Nov 15;9:1201. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01201

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Copyright © 2019 Han, Wei, Zhang, Jiang, Fan, Huang, Xie, Zhang, Miao, Butler, Coleman, Vaughan, Wang, Chen, Liu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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FAO is enhanced in radioresistant BC cells and recurrent BC and linked with a poor prognosis in BC patients. (A) Western blot of a cluster of FAO enzymes and HER2 in wild type MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and their counterpart radioresistant MCF7/C6 and MDA-MB-231/C4 cells. (B) FAO activity assay of MCF7 and MCF7/C6 cells with MCF7/C6 treated with FAO inhibitor Etomoxir (40 μM) as a negative control and FAO enhancer FCCP (1 μM) as a positive control. (C) Fatty acid turnover rate in MCF7 and MCF7/C6 cells treated with or without 250 μM Free Fatty Acid (FFA; oleic acid: palmitic acid = 2:1) for 24 h before Oil Red staining (left: quantitation of lipid accumulation; right: representative images of FFA accumulation). (D) Representative IHC of CPT1A and CPT2 in biopsy and recurrent BC (left). Quantitation of IHC was achieved by scoring staining intensity and positive cells (right). (E) Elevated CPT1A/CPT2 expression correlates a worse overall survival of BC patients in the TCGA database http://bioinformatica.mty.itesm.mx:8080/Biomatec/SurvivaX.jsp. Error bars in (B–D) represent the mean ± standard deviation. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA test, ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001.