Table 2.
Prevalence of regular consumption of taxed and untaxed beverages in low-income neighbourhoods of Barcelona and Madrid before (2017) and after (2018) taxation, and ratio of post- to pre-tax prevalence in Barcelona with respect to Madrid
| Barcelona (n = 1024) | Madrid (n = 905) | Ratio of post- to pre-tax prevalence in Barcelona relative to Madrid (95% CI)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-tax % (95% CI) |
Post-tax % (95% CI) |
Post- to pre-tax difference (%) | Pre-tax % (95% CI) |
Post-tax % (95% CI) |
Post- to pre-tax difference (%) | ||
| Taxed beverages | |||||||
| Soft drinks | 50.0 (45.8–54.2) | 46.3 (41.9–50.8) | −3.7 (−7.4) | 47.1 (42.5–51.7) | 54.3 (49.7–58.9) | 7.2 (15.2) | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) |
| Fruit drinks | 42.9 (38.7–47.1) | 11.3 (8.5–14.1) | −31.6 (−73.7) | 20.2 (16.5–23.9) | 27.0 (22.9–31.1) | 6.8 (33.7) | 0.30 (0.19–0.49) |
| Energy drinks | 36.8 (32.7–40.8) | 14.3 (11.2–17.5) | −22.4 (−61.0) | 22.2 (18.4–26.1) | 22.6 (18.8–26.5) | 0.4 (1.9) | 0.23 (0.14–0.38) |
| Total | 76.9 (73.3–80.4) | 52.0 (47.6–56.5) | −24.8 (−32.3) | 63.8 (59.3–68.2) | 69.0 (64.7–73.3) | 5.2 (8.2) | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) |
| Other taxed beveragesb | |||||||
| Sports drinks | 26.9 (23.1–30.6) | 9.2 (6.6–11.8) | − 17.6 (− 65.7) | 15.8 (12.4–19.2) | 11.9 (8.9–14.9) | −3.9 (−24.8) | 0.42 (0.22–0.81) |
| Sugar-sweetened milk drinks | 30.0 (26.1–33.9) | 5.9 (3.8–8.0) | - 24.1 (−80.2) | 28.9 (24.7–33.1) | 20.2 (16.5–23.9) | − 8.7 (− 30) | 0.34 (0.19–0.64) |
| Untaxed beveragesc | 80.8 (77.4–84.1) | 83.6 (80.3–86.9) | 2.8 (3.5) | 68.2 (63.9–72.5) | 76.5 (72.6–80.4) | 8.3 (12.1) | 1.03 (0.90–1.20) |
| Taxed own-brand beverages d | 43.4 (38.6–48.3) | 35 (29.1–40.9) | −8.4 (−19.4) | 37.3 (31.7–42.9) | 50.0 (44.4–55.6) | 12.7 (34.1) | 0.89 (0.62–1.26) |
a The ratio of prevalences was obtained from the interaction between year (pre-tax: 2017/post-tax: 2018) and city (Barcelona/Madrid) in Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusted for age, sex, educational level, nationality and occupational status
b Energy drinks and sugar-sweetened milk drinks are shown in a separate category, due to the inclusion of certain varieties not subject to the tax by reason of their lower sugar content
c Includes: fruit drinks, soft drinks, flavoured water, vegetable drinks and juices, and drinking yoghurts
d Prevalence of use of own-brand products among consumers of taxed beverages