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. 2019 Nov 21;15:419. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2170-8

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Natural active compounds reduce the cytokines-induced mRNA levels MMP3 (a) and MMP13 (b) in ELACs. The chondrocytes were pre-treated with a combination of IL-1β (2.5 ng/mL) and OSM (2 ng/mL) for 2 h, after which they were treated with various concentrations of SE (sesamin; 0.25–1 μM), AD (andrographolide; 1.25–5 μM), and VA (vanillylacetone; 20–80 μM), for 24 h. The mRNA levels were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. * signifies statistical significance compared with control (*p < 0.05), whereas # signifies statistical significance in relation to the cytokines treatment group (#p < 0.05)