Table 2.
Processes of change in terms of experimental and behavioral processes (a brief description)
| Process | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Experiential processes | ||
| Consciousness raising (CR) | The individual seeks increased knowledge about the causes, consequences and cures for their problem behavior. | From precontemplation to contemplation |
| Dramatic relief (DR) | The individual’s emotions about the problem behavior and possible solutions are evoked. | |
| Environmental reevaluation (ER) | The impact that the individual’s problem behavior has on their environment is reevaluated. | |
| Social liberation (SOL) | Attempts are made to increase alternatives for the individual’s former problem behavior. | |
| Self-reevaluation (SR) | Cognitions and emotions regarding the individual with respect to their problem behavior are reevaluated. | From contemplation to preparation and action |
| Behavioral processes | ||
| Self-liberation (SEL) | The individual has the belief that he can change and commits to it by choosing a course of action. | |
| Helping relationships (HR) | The individual seeks trust and open discussion about the problem behavior as well as support for the healthy behavior change. | Action to maintenance |
| Counter-conditioning (CC) | The individual substitutes positive behaviors for the individual’s problem behavior. | |
| Reinforcement management (RM) | Steps or changes made by the individual are rewarded when in a positive direction or punished when in a negative direction. | |
| Stimulus control (SC) | Stimuli that may cue a lapse back to the problem behavior are avoided and prompts for healthier alternatives are inserted. | |
| Adapted from reference [31] | ||