Table 1.
Author | Ref. | AKT1 | AKT2 | AKT3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hutchinson et al. 2004 | [125] | tumor growth & proliferation ↑ (Rb, cyclin D1); metastasis ↓ | ||
Dillon et al. 2009 | [123] | tumor growth ↑; metastasis ↓ (ER) | tumor growth Ø; metastasis & invasion ↑ | |
Maroulakou et al. 2007 | [124] | tumor growth & proliferation ↑ (Cyclin D1, Rb); apoptosis ↓; invasion ↓; metastasis ↑ | tumor growth ↓ (Cyclin D1, Rb); metastasis ↑ | tumor growth Ø metastasis Ø |
Riggio et al. 2017 | [127] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ (Cyclin D1, S6); invasion & metastasis ↓ (integrin ß1, FAK, MMP9); migration Ø | proliferation ↓; tumor growth Ø; migration & invasion & metastasis ↑ (F-actin, vimentin) | |
Liu et al. 2006 | [129] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; migration & invasion ↓ (TSC2, Rho) | ||
Grabinski et al. 2014 | [130] | proliferation ↓ | proliferation ↓ | proliferation ↓ |
Toulany et al. 2017 | [131] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ (DNA-PKcs) | proliferation Ø; tumor growth ↓ | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ (DNA-PKcs) |
Park et al. 2001 | [59] | colony formation Ø; invasion & metastasis ↑ (MMP-2) | ||
Stottrup et al. 2016 | [132] | spheroid growth ↑ | spheroid growth Ø | spheroid growth ↑; invasion ↑ (N-cadherin) |
Chin et al. 2014 |
[133] [151] |
proliferation ↑; spheroid formation ↑; migration ↓ | proliferation ↑; spheroid formation ↑; maintaining spheroid architecture ↑; migration ↑ | proliferation ↑; spheroid formation ↑; tumor growth ↑ (p27); spheroid growth ↑; migration ↓ |
Yang et al. 2011 | [126] | proliferation ↓ (Raf/MEK/ERK); migration ↓ | proliferation ↓ (p27, CDK2); migration ↓ | |
Ju et al. 2007 | [136] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ (p21, p27, Cyclin D1); migration & metastasis ↑ (TSC2, F-actin, MIPγ, SDF-1, CXCL-16, paxillin and ezrin-radixin-moesin); angiogenesis ↓ | ||
Santi and Lee 2011 | [128] | proliferation ↑ | proliferation ↑ (CDK2, Cyclin D, p27); mitochondrial autophagy ↓ (PGC1, p70S6K) | proliferation ↑ |
Wang et al. 2008 | [137] | proliferation ↑; migration & chemotaxis ↑ (PKCζ, LIMK/Cofilin, integrin ß1) | ||
Zhang et al. 2017 | [138] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; apoptosis ↓; migration & invasion ↑ (miR-200c) | ||
Polytarchou et al. 2011 | [139] | tumor growth Ø | tumor growth ↑ (NFKB, CREB, miR-21, PTEN, PDCD4, Sprouty1) | |
Ye et al. 2016 | [140] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; migration & invasion & chemotaxis ↑ (WDR26, PI3Kβ, Gβγ) | ||
Yu et al. 2014 | [141] | apoptosis ↓ (p53, miR-17/20) | ||
Thirumurthi et al. 2014 | [142] | tumor growth ↑ (SIRT6) | ||
Plo et al. 2008 Baek et al. 2018 |
[143] [121] |
tumor growth & genomic instability (BRCA1, RAD51) | ||
Ooms et al. 2015 | [144] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; apoptosis ↓; migration & invasion & chemotaxis & metastasis ↓ (PIPP) | ||
Zhang et al. 2016 | [145] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ migration & invasion ↓ (miR-409-3p) | ||
Yang et al. 2009 | [146] | apoptosis ↓; tumor growth ↑; invasion & metastasis ↑ (Par1) | ||
Watson and Moorehead 2013 | [147] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; metastasis Ø | proliferation & tumor growth ↑; metastasis Ø | |
Irie et al. 2005 | [148] |
migration ↓ (ERK, E-cadherin, N-cadherin); proliferation ↑ |
migration ↑ (vimentin); proliferation ↑ | |
Gargini et al. 2015 | [149] | proliferation ↑; apoptosis ↓ (FoxO3, Bim); mammosphere growth ↓ (Bim, E cadherin, vimentin, ß-catenin, integrin β1) | proliferation ↑; mammosphere growth ↓ | |
Hu et al. 2018 | [155] | proliferation ↑; apoptosis ↓ (miR-433, Bcl-2, BAX) | ||
Li et al. 2017 | [156] | proliferation & tumor growth ↑ apoptosis ↓ (p53, p21, p27, CyclinD1, Bcl2, XIAP); migration & invasion ↑ (miR-29b); angiogenesis ↑ (VEGF, c-myc) | ||
Suyama et al. 2018 | [96] | AKT3-S472: proliferation & tumor growth ↓; apoptosis ↑ (Bim, MAPK/ERK, BAX); metastasis ↓ | ||
Lehman et al. 2012 | [157] | invasion ↑ (RhoC GTPase) | invasion ↑ | proliferation ↑; apoptosis ↓ |
Li et al. 2018 | [113] | invasion ↓ (ERK, ß-catenin) | ||
Chung et al 2013 | [154] | proliferation Ø; migration & invasion ↓ (N-cadherin) | ||
Chin and Toker 2010, 2014 |
[158] [159] [160] |
migration ↓ (palladin) | ||
Yoeli-Lerner et al. 2009, 2005 |
[112] [161] |
migration ↓ (GSK3, HDM2, NFAT1) | ||
Choi et al. 2016 | [152] | migration & invasion ↓ (TIS21, Sp1, NOX4, mDia1/2/3) | migration & invasion Ø | |
Iliopoulos et al. 2009 | [163] | TGF-β stimulated migration & metastasis ↓ (miR-200, Zeb1/2, E-cadherin); spheroid formation ↓ | migration & metastasis Ø; spheroid formation Ø | |
Cheng et al. 2007, 2008 |
[164] [168] |
migration & invasion ↑ (Twist) | ||
Leal-Orta et al. 2018 | [165] | migration & invasion ↑ | ||
Marcial-Medina et al. 2019 | [166] | migration ↑ | ||
Arboleda et al. 2003 | [167] | invasion Ø | invasion & metastasis ↑ (integrin β1); post invasion survival ↑ | invasion Ø |
Li et al. 2016 | [170] | migration & invasion & metastasis ↓ (Twist1) | ||
Hohensee et al 2016 | [171] | migration & invasion ↑; brain metastasis ↑ | ||
Grottke et al. 2016 | [150] | proliferation Ø; migration & chemotaxis Ø | proliferation Ø; migration & chemotaxis Ø | proliferation Ø; migration & chemotaxis & metastasis ↓ (S100A4, NFAT5) |
Symbols have the following meanings: ↑ = increased, ↓ = decreased, Ø = no effect. Affected proteins and pathways are mentioned in the brackets