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. 2019 Nov 21;19:193. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1105-y

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Trial sequential analysis for the overt GI bleeding in all included trials. Trial sequential analysis using random-effects model with an adjusted type I error rate of 3.3%, power of 80%, D2 of 62%, for an relative risk reduction of 20% in control event proportion of 12.1%. The Z-curve cross the trial sequential monitoring boundary for benefit, but do not reach the required information size of 15,468 participants. The TSA-adjusted 95% CI for an RR of 0.48 is 0.31 to 0.75. SUP stress ulcer prophylaxis; GI gastrointestinal; TSA trial sequential analysis