Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of asthma and control group children
| Characteristics | Category | Asthma group (n = 261) | Control group (n = 261) | χ2/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 9.35 ± 2.52 | 9.08 ± 2.43 | 0.237 | 0.813 | |
| Place of residence | Urban | 154(59.0) | 162(62.0) | 0.513 | 0.474 |
| Suburban or rural | 107(41.0) | 99(38.0) | |||
| Ethnicity | Han | 210(80.5) | 195(74.7) | 2.479 | 0.115 |
| Ethnic minority | 51(19.5) | 66(25.3) | |||
| Educational level of chief caregiver | High school and above | 150(57.5) | 134(51.3) | 1.977 | 0.160 |
| Below high school | 111(42.5) | 127(48.7) | |||
| Monthly household income (RMB) | <2000/month | 45(17.2) | 52(19.9) | 1.754 | 0.416 |
| 2000–5000/month | 101(38.7) | 87(33.3) | |||
| >5000/month | 115(44.1) | 122(46.7) | |||
| Only child | Yes | 148 (56.7) | 161 (61.7) | 1.34 | 0.247 |
| No | 113 (43.3) | 100 (38.3) | |||
| Left-behind child | Yes | 21 (8.1) | 13 (5.0) | 2.014 | 0.156 |
| No | 240 (91.9) | 248 (95.0) | |||
| Parental relationship | Harmonious | 215 (82.4) | 230 (88.1) | 3.428 | 0.064 |
| Not harmonious | 46 (17.6) | 31 (11.9) | |||
| Family structure | Single-parent family | 11 (4.2) | 8 (3.1) | 2.986 | 0.225 |
| Two-parent family | 170 (65.1) | 155 (59.4) | |||
| Three generations | 80 (30.7) | 98 (37.5) | |||
| Family history of psychiatric disease | Yes | 3 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) | 1.008 | 0.315 |
| No | 258 (98.9) | 260 (99.6) | |||
| Child-raising method | Authoritative | 193 (73.9) | 208 (79.7) | 5.249 | 0.154 |
| Arbitrary | 64 (24.5) | 45 (17.2) | |||
| Permissive | 3 (1.1) | 6 (2.3) | |||
| Negligent | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.8) | |||
| Living in school | Yes | 46 (17.6) | 32 (12.3) | 2.954 | 0.086 |
| No | 215 (82.4) | 229 (87.7) | |||
| Health insurance | Yes | 201 (77.0) | 212 (81.2) | 1.403 | 0.236 |
| No | 60 (23.0) | 49 (18.8) |
Continuous variables are shown as the mean ± standard deviation; categorical variables are shown as counts (%)