. 2019 Nov 15;10:1418. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01418

TABLE 1.

Effect of dietary supplementation with organic acids in drinking water or in feed on growth performance of broilers (0–42 days) exposed to Salmonella Pullorum challenge^d.

Items^e	Unchallenge control	Challenge control	Challenge + VG^f	Challenge + OA^g water	Challenge + OA^g feed	Challenge + OA^g water + OA^g feed	P-value
Starter phase (0–21 days)
BW day 21 (g)	928.45 ± 34.81^a	876.7 ± 42.25^b	933.25 ± 41.88^a	891.33 ± 28.93^ab	901.1 ± 19.35^ab	918.36 ± 29.5^ab	0.027
ADG (g)	33.21 ± 2.17^ab	30.88 ± 1.76^c	33.85 ± 1.50^a	31.29 ± 1.75^bc	31.95 ± 1.12^abc	32.09 ± 1.24^abc	0.015
ADFI (g)	55.10 ± 2.04^a	52.07 ± 2.56^b	53.10 ± 1.66^ab	51.92 ± 2.48^b	51.43 ± 2.11^b	52.7 ± 2.00^b	0.024
FCR	1.64 ± 0.07^ab	1.68 ± 0.06^a	1.57 ± 0.03^c	1.66 ± 0.05^ab	1.62 ± 0.05^bc	1.66 ± 0.01^ab	0.012
Mortality (%)	0.00 ± 0.00	2.68 ± 3.70	0.89 ± 2.53	2.68 ± 3.70	2.68 ± 3.70	4.46 ± 5.31	0.213
Grower phase (22–42 days)
BW day 42 (g)	2409.38 ± 126.01^ab	2278.85 ± 106.51^b	2506.99 ± 196.18^a	2439.37 ± 83.87^a	2371.38 ± 119.72^ab	2501.99 ± 192.18^a	0.026
ADG (g)	80.04 ± 3.40^b	75.35 ± 2.58^b	82.89 ± 9.85^ab	81.72 ± 3.69^ab	76.22 ± 7.86^b	87.67 ± 5.22^a	0.009
ADFI (g)	156.15 ± 6.85	153.41 ± 10.04	158.37 ± 13.27	157.96 ± 6.61	157.10 ± 13.83	168.70 ± 8.90	0.093
FCR	1.97 ± 0.05^b	2.07 ± 0.16^a	1.95 ± 0.09^b	1.98 ± 0.07^ab	2.08 ± 0.08^a	1.94 ± 0.06^b	0.020
Mortality (%)	4.55 ± 6.87	2.50 ± 4.63	4.66 ± 6.96	4.66 ± 6.96	7.27 ± 8.80	1.14 ± 3.21	0.610
Whole phase (0–42 days)
ADG (g)	51.57 ± 3.07^ab	49.09 ± 3.04^b	53.98 ± 3.74^a	51.11 ± 2.51^ab	49.46 ± 3.37^b	53.86 ± 3.12^a	0.016
ADFI (g)	96.79 ± 3.72	92.15 ± 4.22	96.32 ± 4.76	95.72 ± 3.69	95.47 ± 5.12	99.23 ± 3.66	0.072
FCR	1.88 ± 0.08^ab	1.90 ± 0.10^a	1.80 ± 0.05^b	1.87 ± 0.05^ab	1.93 ± 0.06^a	1.88 ± 0.09^ab	0.048
Mortality (%)	3.57 ± 5.40	4.46 ± 6.54	4.46 ± 6.54	6.25 ± 5.96	8.04 ± 8.90	5.36 ± 5.05	0.792

^a–cMeans within a row with no common superscript differ significantly (n = 8; P < 0.05). Data are the mean of eight replicates with 14 birds each. ^dBirds were challenged with S. enteric subsp. Pullorum on day 8–10. The same as below. ^eBW, body weight; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; FCR, feed conversion ratio (feed:gain, g:g); ^fVG, Virginiamycin feed grade premix; ^gOA, organic acids.