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. 2019 Nov 15;10:1418. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01418

TABLE 4.

List of the putative metabolites identified in plasma of broilers from unchallenged and S. Pullorum challenged control.

Metabolites Retention time m/z Quasi-molecular ion Formula Fold changea P-valueb VIPc Pathway
L-Cystathionine 0.560483333 223.0760692 M + H, M + Na C7H14N2O4S 0.67 0.002 2.15 Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism
L-Threonine 0.574766667 120.0655604 M + H C4H9NO3 0.83 0.011 1.27
L-Cystine 0.560483333 241.0323026 M + H C6H12N2O4S2 0.75 0.015 1.69
L-Glutamate 5-semialdehyde 0.574766667 154.048303 M + Na C5H9NO3 0.61 0.009 2.31 Arginine and proline metabolism
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0.574766667 86.06001831 M + H-H2O, M + H C4H9NO2 0.72 0.002 1.90 Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
L-Valine 3.441466667 100.075989 M + H-H2O C5H11NO2 0.75 0.043 1.96 Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation
Gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine 0.5462 289.024166 M + K C8H14N2O5S 0.60 0.011 2.48 Glutathione metabolism
Thiourocanic acid 1.535566667 208.9778765 M + K C6H6N2O2S 1.79 0.043 2.30 Histidine metabolism
N6-acetyl-L-lysine 0.631916667 189.1251847 M + H C8H16N2O3 1.28 0.023 1.58 Lysine degradation
Piperideine 0.482616667 84.08092021 M + H C5H9N 1.66 0.009 2.23
Homomethionine 0.576166667 198.0370165 M + Cl C6H13NO2S 0.52 0.005 2.17 Glucosinolate biosynthesis
Glycogen 0.619033333 701.1910202 M + Cl C24H42O21 0.61 0.043 1.70 Glucagon signaling pathway
7-Dehydrocholesterol 10.14997 367.3376 M + H-H2O C27H44O 0.64 0.023 2.04 Steroid biosynthesis
4Alpha-methylzymosterol-4-carboxylate 10.14997 425.3443 M + H-H2O C29H46O3 0.70 0.035 1.75
Lanosterol 10.29927 444.4204 M + NH4 C30H50O 1.13 0.043 1.01
(25R)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate 8.741267 397.3108 M + H-H2O C27H42O3 0.64 0.035 1.57 Steroid degradation
Allotetrahydrodeoxy corticosterone 9.182733 373.2154 M + K C21H34O3 1.21 0.029 1.34 Steroid hormone biosynthesis
7Alpha-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate 8.158333 431.3167 M + H C27H42O4 0.56 0.043 2.99 Primary bile acid biosynthesis
3Alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al 7.2404 457.3272 M + Na C27H46O4 0.79 0.043 1.19
2-Polyprenyl-6-methoxyphenol 9.587783 299.1411 M + K C12H16O2.[C5H8]n 0.76 0.029 1.49 Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Alpha-tocopherol 10.14997 448.4177 M + NH4 C29H50O2 0.45 0.023 3.26
Pyridoxamine 0.4969 191.0781 M + Na C8H12N2O2 1.51 0.015 1.91 Vitamin B6 metabolism
6-Deoxyerythronolide B 4.238683 425.2278 M + K C21H38O6 12.5 0.043 3.14 Biosynthesis of 12-, 14-, and 16-membered Macrolides
10-Deoxymethynolide 5.888833 314.2346 M + NH4 C17H28O4 4.82 0.009 2.92
Narbomycin 10.96792 510.3421 M + H C28H47NO7 1.23 0.009 1.27
N1-acetyl-tabtoxinine-beta-lactam 0.574767 248.1248 M + NH4 C9H14N2O5 3.06 0.029 2.57 Monobactam biosynthesis
(S)-4-hydroxymandelate 0.939767 203.0131 M + Cl C8H8O4 2.13 0.009 1.81
N-acetylbialaphos 9.182733 383.1681 M + NH4 C13H24N3O7P 1.58 0.029 2.07 Biosynthesis of antibiotics
Actinamine 0.90195 189.1252 M + H-H2O C8H18N2O4 1.24 0.043 1.63
Traumatic acid 3.975083 246.1716 M + NH4 C12H20O4 3.43 0.007 2.77 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Glucoselysine-6-phosphate 7.716867 427.0872 M + K C12H25N2O10P 0.83 0.023 1.43 Phosphotransferase system

aFold change in the S. Pullorum challenged control compared with the unchallenged. bVIP (variable importance in the projection) values were obtained from PLS-DA models. cP-values were calculated from Kruskal–Wallis test.