Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical baseline characteristics at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation of all study participants from the Zimbabwe national ART program, 2004–2017.
| Variables | Total (%) | Baseline CD4 states for patients | Chi-square p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <200 | 200 ≤ CD4 < 350 | 350 ≤ CD4 < 500 | ≥500 | |||
| Health facility type | ||||||
| Primary health care | 31,150 (49.1) | 4,989 (44.4) | 4,801 (51.0) | 9,223 (50.0) | 12,137 (49.9) | < 0.0001 |
| District/mission hospital | 28,971 (45.7) | 5,465 (48.6) | 4,141 (44.0) | 8,401 (45.6) | 10,964 (45.1) | |
| Provincial/central hospital | 3 301 (5.2) | 790 (7.0) | 474 (5.0) | 813 (4.4) | 1,224 (50.3) | |
| Health facility site | ||||||
| Rural | 47,348 (74.7) | 8,401 (74.7) | 7,256 (77.1) | 14,109 (76.5) | 17,582 (72.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Urban | 16,074 (25.3) | 2,843 (25.3) | 2,160 (22.9) | 4,328 (23.5) | 6,743 (27.7) | |
| Age categories (years) | ||||||
| 15–24 | 3,960 (6.2) | 933 (8.3) | 671 (7.1) | 1,162 (6.3) | 1,194 (4.9) | |
| 25–34 | 17,352 (27.4) | 3,347 (29.8) | 2,757 (29.3) | 5,158 (28.0) | 6,090 (25.0) | < 0.0001 |
| 35–44 | 4,060 (36.1) | 3,447 (36.6) | 6,843 (37.1) | 9,842 (40.5) | 24,192 (38.1) | |
| 45 and above | 17,918 (28.3) | 2,904 (25.8) | 2,541 (27.0) | 5,274 (28.6) | 7,199 (29.6) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 41,505 (65.4) | 9,068 (80.7) | 6,508 (69.1) | 12,027 (65.2) | 13,902 (57.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Male | 21,917 (34.6) | 2,176 (19.3) | 2,908 (30.9) | 6,410 (34.8) | 10,423 (42.8) | |
| Educational level* | ||||||
| None | 1,499 (4.4) | 266 (4.7) | 250 (4.9) | 445 (4.5) | 538 (4.1) | |
| Primary | 11,804 (34.9) | 1,996 (35.2) | 1,782 (34.9) | 3,501 (35.3) | 4,525 (34.4) | |
| Secondary | 18,956 (56.0) | 3,124 (55.0) | 2,843 (55.6) | 5,552 (56.0) | 7,437 (56.5) | < 0.027 |
| Tertiary | 1,598 (4.7) | 290 (5.1) | 263 (4.6) | 419 (4.2) | 653 (5.0) | |
| Marital status** | ||||||
| Single | 7,604 (12.4) | 1,276 (11.8) | 1,144 (12.5) | 2,095 (11.7) | 3,089 (13.1) | |
| Married | 37,993 (62.0) | 6,580 (60.7) | 5,680 (62.3) | 11,460 (64.2) | 14,273 (60.7) | |
| Widowed | 11,243 (18.3) | 2,250 (20.7) | 1,643 (18.0) | 3,083 (17.3) | 4,267 (18.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Divorced | 4,494 (7.3) | 741 (6.8) | 655 (7.1) | 1,216 (6.8) | 1,882 (8.0) | |
| Functional status*** | ||||||
| Working | 59,519 (94.5) | 10,685 (95.5) | 8,963 (94.7) | 17,373 (94.9) | 22,598 (93.6) | |
| Ambulatory | 3,270 (5.2) | 494 (4.4) | 477 (5.1) | 877 (4.8) | 1,422 (5.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Bedridden | 193 (0.3) | 11 (0.1) | 21 (0.2) | 43 (0.2) | 118 (0.5) | |
| First line regimen | 61,654 (97.2) | 11,056 (98.3) | 9,264 (98.4) | 18,082 (98.1) | 23,252 (95.6) | |
| D4T (30) + 3TC + NVP | 389 (0.6) | 11 (0.0) | 18 (0.2) | 91 (0.5) | 269 (1.1) | |
| D4T (30) + #TC + EFV | 11 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 3 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | |
| AZT + 3TC + NVP | 486 (0.8) | 91 (0.8) | 59 (0.6) | 150 (0.8) | 186 (0.8) | |
| AZT + 3TC + EFT | 82 (0.1) | 13 (0.1) | 10 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 42 (0.2) | < 0.0001 |
| TDF + 3TC + NVP | 2,919 (4.6) | 303 (2.7) | 255 (2.7) | 907 (4.9) | 1,454 (6.0) | |
| TDF + 3TC + EFV | 57,085 (90.0) | 10,358 (92.1) | 8,841 (93.9) | 16,807 (91.2) | 21,079 (86.7) | |
| Other first lines | 682 (1.1) | 279 (2.5) | 80 (0.9) | 107 (0.6) | 216 (0.9) | |
| Second line regimen | 1,768 (2.8) | 188 (1.7) | 152 (1.6) | 355 (1.9) | 1,073 (4.4) | |
| AZT + 3TC + ATV/r | 560 (0.9) | 374 (1.5) | 107 (0.6) | 41 (0.4) | 38 (0.3) | |
| AZT + 3TC + LPV/r | 84 (0.1) | 48 (0.2) | 15 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | |
| TDF + 3TC + ATV/r | 563 (0.9) | 275 (1.1) | 131 (0.7) | 70 (0.7) | 87 (0.8) | |
| TDF + 3TC + LPV/r | 89 (0.1) | 49 (0.2) | 21 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | |
| ABC + DDI + ATV/r | 73 (1) | 50 (0.2) | 13 (0.1) | 7 (0.1) | 3 (0.0) | |
| ABC + DDI + LPV/r | 389 (0.6) | 273 (1.1) | 69 (0.4) | 19 (0.2) | 37 (0.3) | |
| Other second lines | 683 (1.1) | 220 (0.9) | 106 (0.6) | 81 (0.9) | 276 (2.5) | |
| Tuberculosis status**** | ||||||
| Negative | 54,474 (87.0) | 9,869 (88.6) | 8,172 (87.7) | 15,830 (86.9) | 20,603 (86.0) | |
| Positive | 618 (1.0) | 48 (0.4) | 56 (0.6) | 140 (0.8) | 374 (1.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Not assessed | 7,524 (12.0) | 1,220 (11.0) | 1,090 (11.7) | 2,240 (12.3) | 2,974 (12.4) | |
| WHO clinical staging***** | ||||||
| I/II | 25,891 (41.4) | 4,680 (42.0) | 4,277 (46.0) | 8,322 (45.9) | 8,612 (36.0) | |
| III/IV | 36,626 (58.6) | 6,460 (58.0) | 5,012 (54.0) | 9,826 (54.1) | 15,328 (63.0) | < 0.0001 |
*
The denominator of the proportions for this variable is33,857.
**
The denominator of the proportions for this variable is61,334.
***
The denominator of the proportions for this variable is62,982.
****
The denominator of the proportions for this variable is62,616.
*****
The denominator of the proportions for this variable is62,517.