Table 2. Birth outcomes of the 1143 births including 4 sets of twins and 1 set of triplets.
| Variable | N | Black African | Mixed ancestry | Total | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Mbekweni) | (TC Newman) | |||||
| Delivery | ||||||
| Delivery method | Vaginal | 1133 | 480 (77) | 424 (83) | 904 (80) | 0.011* |
| Caesarean Elective | 54 (9) | 25 (5) | 79 (7) | |||
| Caesarean Acute | 91 (15) | 59 (12) | 150 (13) | |||
| Anaesthetics use during labour | ||||||
| Epidural | 206 | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 5 (2) | 0.831 | |
| Spinal | 114 (91) | 72 (89) | 186 (90) | |||
| General | 8 (6) | 7 (9) | 15 (7) | |||
| Birth | ||||||
| Gender | Girl | 1142 | 318 (50) | 232 (46) | 550 (48) | 0.117 |
| Boy | 315 (50) | 277 (54) | 592 (52) | |||
| Multiple births | Singletons | 1132 | 618 (98) | 509 (100) | 1127 (99) | 0.028* |
| Twins | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (0) | |||
| Triplets | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 1137 | 39 (38 to 40) | 39 (37 to 40) | 39 (37 to 40) | 0.214 | |
| Term (> = 37 weeks) | 520 (83) | 426 (84) | 946 (83) | 0.689 | ||
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | 108 (17) | 83 (16) | 191 (17) | |||
| Birth Weight (g) | 1127 | 3150 (2780 to 3450) | 3000 (2630 to 3350) | 3080 (2710 to 3420) | <0.001*** | |
| Birth Weight-for-GA | -0.4 (-1.2 to 0.2) | -0.7 (-1.4 to -0.1) | -0.6 (-1.3 to 0.1) | <0.01** | ||
| <-2SD | 48 (8) | 51 (10) | 99 (9) | 0.166 | ||
| Birth Length (cm) | 1107 | 50 (48 to 52) | 50 (47 to 52) | 50 (48 to 52) | 0.011* | |
| Birth Length-for-GA | 0.1 (-0.9 to 1.0) | 0.0 (-0.9 to 0.8) | 0.0 (-0.9 to 0.9) | 0.167 | ||
| <-2SD | 49 (8) | 52 (10) | 101 (9) | 0.181 | ||
| Head Circumference (cm) | 1119 | 34 (33 to 35) | 34 (32 to 35) | 34 (32 to 35) | <0.001*** | |
| Head Circumference-for-GA | -0.4 (-1.2 to 0.4) | -0.6 (-1.4 to 0.2) | -0.5 (-1.3 to 0.3) | 0.014* | ||
| <-2SD | 67 (11) | 63 (13) | 130 (12) | 0.380 | ||
| Respiratory difficulty | 1128 | 41 (7) | 30 (6) | 71 (6) | 0.626 | |
| Requiring oxygen | 1116 | 15 (2) | 5 (1) | 20 (2) | 0.092 | |
| Jaundiced | 1129 | 24 (4) | 31 (6) | 55 (5) | 0.145 | |
| Low blood glucose (<3 mmol/L) | 1112 | 199 (33) | 179 (36) | 378 (34) | 0.264 | |
| Known Infant HIV Infection | 209 | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 0.726 | |
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001