Table 4. Hierarchical regression predicting birth weight for gestational age (Z-score; N Final model = 896).
| Block 1 | Block 2 | Block 3 | Block 4 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Coefficient | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | Coefficient | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | Coefficient | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | Coefficient | 95% CI LL | 95% CI UL | |
| Demographics | |||||||||||||
| Clinic | |||||||||||||
| Mbekweni | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| TC Newman | -0.259** | -0.406 | -0.111 | -0.195* | -0.361 | -0.028 | -0.144 | -0.314 | 0.026 | -0.010 | -0.196 | 0.176 | |
| Maternal age | 0.010 | -0.002 | 0.023 | 0.003 | -0.011 | 0.017 | 0.009 | -0.005 | 0.023 | -0.004 | -0.019 | 0.012 | |
| Married or cohabitating | 0.039 | -0.108 | 0.186 | 0.064 | -0.087 | 0.215 | 0.089 | -0.062 | 0.239 | 0.021 | -0.132 | 0.175 | |
| SES | |||||||||||||
| Low | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Low-moderate | -0.061 | -0.249 | 0.128 | -0.094 | -0.285 | 0.097 | -0.082 | -0.272 | 0.108 | -0.059 | -0.249 | 0.131 | |
| Moderate-high | -0.041 | -0.231 | 0.149 | -0.064 | -0.257 | 0.130 | -0.056 | -0.249 | 0.138 | -0.028 | -0.222 | 0.167 | |
| High | 0.178 | -0.022 | 0.378 | 0.131 | -0.074 | 0.336 | 0.115 | -0.089 | 0.320 | 0.109 | -0.099 | 0.318 | |
| Food Insecure | -0.036 | -0.187 | 0.115 | 0.057 | -0.099 | 0.213 | 0.078 | -0.081 | 0.236 | 0.078 | -0.080 | 0.236 | |
| Pregnancy and Physical Health | |||||||||||||
| BMI at Enrollment | 0.024*** | 0.012 | 0.036 | 0.020** | 0.008 | 0.032 | 0.015* | 0.003 | 0.027 | ||||
| Pregnancy Complications | |||||||||||||
| Hypertension | -0.111 | -0.474 | 0.253 | -0.093 | -0.455 | 0.268 | -0.207 | -0.579 | 0.165 | ||||
| (Pre)-eclampsia | -0.329 | -0.785 | 0.126 | -0.329 | -0.776 | 0.119 | -0.263 | -0.708 | 0.182 | ||||
| Anaemia | 0.051 | -0.116 | 0.217 | 0.051 | -0.115 | 0.217 | 0.044 | -0.120 | 0.208 | ||||
| Gestational diabetes | 0.394 | -0.319 | 1.107 | 0.622 | -0.120 | 1.363 | 0.633 | -0.098 | 1.364 | ||||
| Asthma | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
| HIV Infected | -0.059 | -0.248 | 0.129 | -0.028 | -0.218 | 0.161 | -0.007 | -0.196 | 0.183 | ||||
| Mental Health and Psychosocial Factors | |||||||||||||
| Depressive Symptoms (EPDS score) | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Psychological Distress (SRQ-20) | -0.016 | -0.035 | 0.002 | -0.014 | -0.033 | 0.005 | |||||||
| IPV during pregnancy | -0.099 | -0.251 | 0.052 | -0.070 | -0.222 | 0.082 | |||||||
| Substance Use During Pregnancy & Primigravida | |||||||||||||
| Alcohol use (moderate-high risk) | -0.351** | -0.576 | -0.127 | ||||||||||
| Cotinine level | |||||||||||||
| Non-smoker | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| Passive | 0.007 | -0.171 | 0.185 | ||||||||||
| Active | -0.273* | -0.487 | -0.059 | ||||||||||
| Primigravida | -0.337*** | -0.518 | -0.157 | ||||||||||
| R2 | p-value | R2 | p-value | R2 | p-value | R2 | p-value | ||||||
| 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.051 | <0.001 | 0.061 | <0.001 | 0.096 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Change R2 | p-value | Change R2 | p-value | Change R2 | p-value | ||||||||
| 0.027 | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.046 | 0.035 | <0.001 | ||||||||
*p<0.05
**p<0.01
***p<0.001; 95% CI LL = 95% Confidence Interval Lower Limit, 95% CI UL = 95% Confidence Interval Upper Limit