Table 4. Factors associated with the occurrence of drug resistance mutations in ART-experienced patients.
| Factors Categories | Prevalence of mutation, n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Presence | Absence |
μOR (¶CI), p-value |
&aOR (CI), p-value |
|
| Gender | Male | 4 (23.5) | 13 (76.5) | 0.43 (0.13–1.51), 0.182 | |
| Female | 22 (41.5) | 31 (58.5) | 1 | ||
| Age (years) | 19–29 | 5 (25.0) | 15 (75.0) | 0.33 (0.08–1.36), 0.126 | |
| 30–40 | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | 0.65 (0.20–2.05), 0.433 | ||
| > 40 | 8 (50.0) | 8 (50.0) | 1 | ||
| Region | Northwest | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 1.72 (0.57–5.24), 0.331 | |
| Southwest | 18 (34.0) | 35 (66.0) | 1 | ||
| A treatment centre in the municipality | Out | 19 (41.3) | 27 (58.7) | 1.71 (0.59–4.92), 0.318 | |
| Within | 7 (29.2) | 17 (70.8) | 1 | ||
| Socio-economic | |||||
| Level of education (years of school) |
Low (≤ 7) | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | 3.5 (1.25–9.8), 0.015 | 2.77 (0.88–8.76), 0.082 |
| High (> 7) | 12 (26.7) | 33 (73.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Income level (XAF) (50000 ~100 USD) |
≤ 50,000 | 24 (42.1) | 33 (57.9) | 4.0 (0.81–19.73) 0.072 | |
| > 50,000 | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 1 | ||
| Alcohol use | Yes | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | 0.34 (0.11–1.08), 0.062 | |
| No | 21 (44.7) | 26 (55.3) | 1 | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 3 (50.0)) | 3 (50.0) | 1.78 (0.33–9.56), 0.495 | |
| No | 23 (35.9) | 41 (64.1) | 1 | ||
| Clinical history | |||||
| Duration of ART | ≥ 12 months | 19 (54.3) | 16 (45.7) | 4.75 (1.64–13.74), 0.003 | 4.07 (1.05–15.72), 0.042 |
| < 12 months | 7 (20.0) | 28 (80.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| Regimen base | NVP-based | 18 (40.9) | 26 (59.1) | 1.56 (0.56–4.35), 0.396 | |
| EFV- based | 8 (30.8) | 18 (69.2) | 1 | ||
| CD4+ status (cell/μl) | < 200 | 13 (46.4) | 15 (53.6) | 2.60 (0.58–11.69), 0.213 | |
| 200–499 | 10 (37.0) | 17 (63.0) | 1.77 (0.39–8.09), 0.465) | ||
| ≥ 500 | 3 (25.0) | 9 (75.0) | 1 | ||
| HIV Log10 viral load | ≥ 3.6 copies/ml | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | 2.64 (0.97–7.14), 0.054 | |
| < 3.6 copies/ml | 11 (27.5) | 29 (72.5) | 1 | ||
| HIV subtypes | Single forms | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.9) | 3.88 (1.26–11.90), 0.015 | 1.68 (0.43–6.56), 0.456 |
| Recombinant | 15 (28.8) | 37 (71.2) | 1 | ||
¶CI: confidence interval
μOR: Odds ratio
&aOR: adjusted odds ratio