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. 2019 Nov 15;10:1371. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01371

Figure 3.

Figure 3

XIAOPI formula (XPS) inhibits M2 phenotype polarization, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression and secretion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). (A) MTT assay indicated that XPS (100∼500 μg/ml) could strongly inhibit the proliferation of Raw264.7-derived TAMs while exhibiting no obvious cytotoxicity in Thp1-derived TAMs. (B) XPS treatment for 48 h could dramatically inhibit M2 phenotype polarization of TAMs induced by CM of breast cancer cells. (C) Elisa assay indicated that XPS treatment for 48 h could significantly inhibit CXCL1 secretion from TAMs in a dose-dependent manner. (D–E) Western blot and QPCR results further verified that XIAOPI formula treatment for 48 h could dramatically inhibit CXCL1 protein expression levels (D) and CXCL1 mRNA transcription levels (E) in both human and mouse TAMs. (F) Double luciferase reporter gene assay suggested that XPS treatment for 48 h could suppress the promoter activity of CXCL1 gene in Raw264.7-derived TAMs. All values are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 3, **P < 0.05.