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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. 2019 Oct 22;29(4):889–903.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.032

Figure 4. Increased GRHL2 Protein Expression Is Associated with Tamoxifen Resistance and Decreased Time to Recurrence.

Figure 4.

(A) Assessment of GRHL2 mRNA expression in MCF7-WS8 and TAMR cells using qPCR. The bars represent the fold change in CT values from three triplicate wells per condition, with error bars representing SEM. The experiment was repeated at least three times with similar results, and representative data are shown.

(B) Protein expression was assessed in MCF7-WS8 and TAMR cells treated with 10 nM E2, 100 nM 4OHT, or 100 nM fulvestrant as indicated using the indicated antibodies. Relative GRHL2 protein expression is indicated on top (normalized to β-actin, then to WS8 vehicle control). The expression of GRHL2 mRNA and protein was assessed at least three times with similar results, and representative data are shown.

(C) Representative immunohistochemistry examples (with scores 1, 2, and 3; 1 = low, 3 = high) from breast tumor tissue microarray stained with GRHL2 antibody. Scale bar, 200 μm.

(D) Kaplan-Meier estimator of time to recurrence (RFS, months) of tumors derived from patients with ER-positive disease, stratified on the basis of GRHL2 protein expression. Statistical significance was determined using log rank test, with p = 0.013. n = 47. Because of the small sample size and no events at level 1, hazard ratios are not estimable.

See also Figure S2.