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. 2019 Nov 12;7:277. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00277

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Deficiency of zebrafish vgll4b leads to impaired valvulogenesis. (A–D) WISH analysis of cmcl2 expression in zebrafish embryos at 22, 36, 48, and 96 hpf, a defective S shaped heart looping was clearly observed from 36 hpf. White dashed lines indicate the heart morphology outlined by cmlc2 expression. Lateral view, (C). (E–K) WISH analysis of vmhc, amhc, anf at 48 hpf, as well as bmp4, notch1b, klf2a, spp1 at 52 hpf. (L,M) Optical Heartbeat analysis of cardiac function. Comparison of the heart rate at 48 hpf (L) and ventricular shortening fraction at 52∼54 hfp (M). (N,O) Representative single confocal z-section images showing the endocardial cushion cells expressing Alcam (asterisks) of wild type sibling and vgll4b–/– embryos at 52 hpf. Scale bar: 10 μm.