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. 2019 Nov 8;10:1062. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01062

Table 7.

Proportions of mean grape skin terminal subunits in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons. Means in columns followed by a different letter are significantly different within one season.

2010/2011 2011/2012
Treatment C EC ECG Treatment C EC ECG
Standard (control) 79.2 ± 17.7 b 9.9 ± 9.3 b 10.4 ± 11.7 a Standard (control) 83.9 ± 11.7 a 15.5 ± 12.7 3.1 ± 3.1 b
Leaf removal west 79.6 ± 18.3 b 14.6 ± 13.1 a 5.8 ± 6.9 b Leaf removal west 81.7 ± 12.7 ab 15.3 ± 10.9 3.1 ± 3.9 b
STD-UV-B 84.8 ± 13.6 a 8.8 ± 10.0 b 6.4 ± 6.9 b LR (-UV-B, -PAR) 61.2 ± 1 2.2 c 15.6 ± 13.7 21.6 ± 13.2 a
LRW-UV-B 86.4 ± 12.8 a 3.9 ± 7.6 c 8.7 ± 9.5 a LR (-UV-B, 2xUHI) 79.8 ± 15.2 b 17.0 ± 14.1 3.2 ± 2.3 b
Significance *** *** *** Significance *** ns ***

Percent composition of proanthocyanidin terminal skin subunits C, (+)-catechin; EC, (−)-epicatechin; ECG, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate. STD (shaded/control); LRW (leaf removal west); STD with decreased UV-B radiation (STD-UV-B); LRW with decreased UV-B radiation (LRW-UV-B); LR (-UV-B, -PAR) (leaf removal with decreased UV-B radiation and 2xOp50 UV sheets added on both sides of the bunch zone); LR-UV-B, 2xUHI (leaf removal with decreased UV-B radiation and 2xUHI UV sheets added on both sides of the bunch zone). Different letters indicate significant differences at p ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively; ns, not significant.