Table 2. Characteristics of camel handlers and their families positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in study in Pakistan* .
| Patient no. | Family no. | Age, y/ex | Camel contact† | Smoking | Concurrent conditions | Lifestyle | PRNT50 | ELISA result/ value‡ | IFA result/§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SH94 | F2 | 20/M | Direct/daily | Yes | None | Nomadic | 211 | –/0.78 | +/1:80 |
| SH85 | F2 | 21/M | Direct/daily | Yes | None | Nomadic | 32 | +/1.51 | +/1:40 |
| SH100 | F1 | 8/M | Direct/daily | No | None | Nomadic | 72 | –/0.64 | +/1:40 |
| SH71 | F9 | 35/F | Indirect | No | HPT, renal and respiratory disease | Seminomadic | 33 | Borderline/.99 | +/1:20 |
| SH74 | F9 | 40/F | Indirect | No | HPT | Seminomadic | 40 | +/2.18 | +/1:80 |
| SH63 | F13 | 35/F | Direct/monthly | No | None | Seminomadic | 27 | Borderline/0.92 | +/1:10 |
| SH57 | F14 | 20/M | Direct | No | None | Seminomadic | 51 | +/3.11 | +/1:80 |
| SH58 | F16 | 28/M | Direct | Yes | None | Seminomadic | 68 | +/1.74 | +/1:160 |
| SH21 | None | 17/M | Direct/seasonal | Yes | None | Seminomadic | 80 | –/0.36 | –/<1:10 |
| SH65 | None | 20/M | D/daily | No | None | Seminomadic | 65 | +/1.13 | +/1:80 |
| SH43 | None | 34/M | Direct | No | None | Sedentary | 1,600 | –/0.76 | +/1:160 |
| SH44 | None | 40/M | Direct | Yes | None | Sedentary | 89 | –/0.48 | –/<1:10 |
*All 12 patients tested positive by PRNT50. IFA, immunofluorescence assay; HPT, hypertension; PRNT50, 50% reduction plaque reduction neutralization assay. †Direct indicates camel herders with direct camel contact but extent of exposure is not known; direct/daily, camel herders with daily direct camel contact; direct/monthly, camel herders with monthly direct camel contact; direct/seasonal, camel herders with seasonal direct camel contact; indirect, family members of camel herders. ‡Positive result is >1.1; borderline, 0.8–1.1; negative, <0.8, as defined by the test manufacturer. §Negative test result is <1:10, as defined by the test manufacturer.