Table 3. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis for factors associated with self-reported adverse drug effects on receiving standard triple therapy in selected healthcare institutions at Bahir Dar city, May 2016 to April 2018.

(N = 421).

Variable Categories	ADEs		Crude odds ratio*	Adjusted odds ratio**
	Yes	No
Sex
Female	80	196	1.57(0.97–2.52)g
Male	30	115	1.00
Body mass index
<20	35	116	1.00
20–25	56	166	1.12(0.69–1.82)
>25	19	29	2.17(1.01–4.33)a	2.55(1.21–5.34)1
Age in years
18–24	33	92	0.90(0.41–1.99)
25–34	40	132	0.76(0.42–1.54)
35–44	23	52	1.11(0.50–2.43)
≥45	14	35	1.00
Residence				1.95(1.04–3.67)2
Urban	95	24	1.84(1.00–3.37)b
Rural	15	170	1.00
Zonal address
Bahir Dar city	45	124	1.00
West Gojjam	22	74	0.82(0.46–1.47)
South Gondar	15	47	0.88(0.45–1.73)
Awi zone	16	36	1.23(0.62–2.42)
Other zones	12	30	1.10(0.52–2.34)
Marital status
Single	34	111	1.00
Married	73	194	1.23(0.76–1.96)
Divorced/Widowed	3	6	1.63(0.39–6.90)
Occupation	46
Employee	64	113	1.26(0.81–1.96)
Non-employee		198	1.00
Educational status
Grade 1–8 and below	35	106	0.96(0.62–1.73)
Grade 9–12	30	74	1.18(0.49–1.46)
College and above	45	131	1.00
Time duration of the disorder
≤ 3weeks	9	101	1.00
>3weeks	101	253	2.57(1.23–5.39)c	3.57(1.63–7.81)3
Pain feeling period in the day
After meal	46	171	1.00
Persistent in the day	35	87	1.36(0.90–2.48)
Long interval b/n meals	29	53	2.03(1.16–3.56)d	2.14(1.19–3.84)4
Presence of other disease(s)
Yes	25	83	0.81(0.48–1.35)
No	85	228	1.00
Self-reported alcohol intake
Yes	52	185	1.00
No	58	126	1.64(1.06–2.54)e
Regimen durations
10day	79	200	1.00
14day	31	111	0.71(0.44–1.14)f
Use of Flaxseed or Fenugreek
Yes	35	100	1.00
No	75	211	1.02(0.64–1.61)
Self-reported regimen completion
Yes	100	297	1.00
No	10	14	2.12(0.91–4.93)f
Disease symptom resolution
Yes	91	264	1.00
No	19	47	1.17(0.65–2.10)

*P values for binary logistic regression:

^a = 0.028

^b = 0.049

^c = 0.012

^d = 0.013

^e = 0.027

^f<0.25 but not significant.

**P values for multivariate logistic regression

¹ = 0.014

² = 0.038

³ = 0.001

⁴ = 0.011