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Cystatin S/SA/SN secretion in saliva was measured at rest and 5 min (black circles), 10 min (white circles) and 15 min (triangles) after cycling for 4 min at the indicated workload intensity (Phase 5 in Fig 1). Inset shows plasma lactate levels at rest and immediately post exercise at each stage(n = 12, *p<0.05 with respect to resting value). Statistics were performed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks.
