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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 22.
Published in final edited form as: Demogr Res. 2016 May 26;34:845–884. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.34.30

Table A-2:

Cox proportional hazards models for ages 15−65 years: Determinants of in − and out-migration by sex and HDSS site − East Africa

Kilifi HDSS − Mostly rural Kisumu HDSS − Mostly rural Nairobi HDSS − Urban
In-migration Out-migration In-migration Out-m igration In-migration Out-migration
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Hazard Ratios (95% Confidence Interval)
Calendar Year 0.97** 0.911 0.85*** 0.88*** 0.90*** 0.89*** 1.08*** 1.08*** 1.07*** 1.10*** 0.93*** 0.92***
2009 (0.94 − 1.00) (0.88 − 0.94) (0.83 − 0.87) (0.85 − 0.90) (0.86 − 0.94) (0.86 − 0.93) (1.05 − 1.12) (1.05 − 1.12) (1.03 − 1.11) (1.05 − 1.14) (0.89 − 0.97) (0.88 − 0.96)
Ref: Calendar
Year 2010
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calendar Year 0.88*** 0.85*** 0.86*** 0.89*** 0.83*** 0.85*** 0.88*** 0.89*** 0.95*** 1 1.06*** 1.07***
2011 (0.86 − 0.91) (0.83 − 0.88) (0.84 − 0.89) (0.87 − 0.91) (0.79 − 0.87) (0.82 − 0.88) (0.85 − 0.92) (0.86 − 0.92) (0.92 − 0.99) (0.96 − 1.04) (1.02 − 1.10) (1.02 − 1.11)
Ref: Education No
Formal
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Education Some 0.69*** 1.16*** 0.93** 1.42*** 1.16* 1.43*** 1.23*** 1.35*** 3.82*** 5.36*** 2.39*** 3.06***
Primary (0.65 − 0.75) (1.11 − 1.22) (0.87 − 1.00) (1.36 − 1.48) (0.98 − 1.36) (1.27 − 1.62) (1.06 − 1.42) (1.21 − 1.51) (2.97 − 4.92) (4.18 − 6.88) (1.92 − 2.97) (2.49 − 3.76)
Education Some 1.01 1.98*** 0.96 1.58*** 1.39*** 1.62*** 1.40*** 1.42*** 4.65*** 6.65*** 2.55*** 3.29***
Secondary (0.94 − 1.09) (1.86 − 2.10) (0.89 − 1.03) (1.49 − 1.67) (1.18 − 1.64) (1.43 − 1.84) (1.21 − 1.62) (1.26 − 1.59) (3.61 − 5.99) (5.17 − 8.54) (2.04 − 3.17) (2.67 − 4.06)

Wald Chi-square 20299 24338 12748 14466 1276 2497 598.3 672.1 411.8 547.7 142.1 236.2
Log Likelihood −204853 −233268 −247777 −266902 −100919 −151675 −143701 −182436 −149982 −117241 −119030 −92052
Subjects 86821 103187 86826 103187 70919 86354 70937 86377 41991 31283 41995 31284
Time at risk 166972 211206 167061 211333 153785 186753 153875 186879 78553 56217 78563 56223
Failures 25676 28181 30075 31429 12174 17739 16932 21086 19416 15424 15388 12109
***

p<0.01,

**

p<0.05,

*

p<0.1

All Wald Chi-square are significant at the 1 per 1000 level

Note: Unknown values of education not shown.