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. 2019 Nov 22;9:17417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53870-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of roxarsone (ROX) on viability and VEGF/VEGFR expression in EC cultures. (a) MTT assay determination of the viability of ECs treated with PBS (NC), 0.1–50.0 μM roxarsone, or 10 ng/mL VEGF (positive control). Results are the mean ± SEM of the OD value of triplicate samples relative to the PBS control and are representative of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01 relative to 10 ng/mL VEGF; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 relative to PBS. (b) ELISA of VEGF contents in supernatants of cells treated with 0.1–50.0 μM roxarsone or 10 ng/mL VEGF for 24-h. **P < 0.01 relative to PBS. (c) Western blotting of VEGF in total cell lysates; β-actin were used as the loading control. (d) Quantitative analysis of VEGF, Flt1, and Flk1 levels in cell lysates. Values are the mean ± SEM of VEGF expression standardized to β-actin expression in three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 relative to PBS by analysis of variance (ANOVA).