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. 2019 Nov 22;9:17394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54004-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) A maximum likelihood phylogeny of 4,071 ST131 genome collection and (b) the distribution of these isolates across countries and over time. The phylogeny shows Clades A (n = 414 genomes, pale green), B (n = 420 genomes, dark green), B0 (n = 13 genomes, orange), C0 (n = 52 genomes, blue), C1 (n = 1,121 genomes, bright green) and C2 (n = 2,051 genomes, purple). The phylogeny constructed with RAxML from the 30,029 chromosome-wide SNPs arising by mutation was visualized with iTol. The inner colored strip surrounding the tree represents the subgroups formed from Fastbaps clustering and the cluster (1–11) associated with each isolate. The outer colored strip surrounding the tree is the fimH allele: H41 for Clade A (pink), H22 for Clade B (blue), H30 for Clade C (black) and other alleles (white). The histograms in (b) show the distribution of sampling across countries, and that out of the 4,071 genomes isolated from 1999 to 2018, 2,051 belong to C2 (pink), with most isolates coming from 2002–2017.