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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2019 May 23;62:102313. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.05.014

Table 3.

Z-scores and associated p-values comparing each simulated condition (aging and rotator cuff tears) to the baseline healthy model.

Strength
Magnitude		 Strength Balance Weakest Direction
ABD / ADD ER / IR EXT / FLEX ABD / ADD ER / IR EXT / FLEX
Older Adult −1.04
(p=0.299)		 0.14
(p=0.886)		 −0.93
(p=0.351)		 −0.93
(p=0.351)		 0.12
(p=0.901)		 0.02
(p=0.988)		 −0.04
(p=0.968)
RCT 1 −1.32
(p=0.187)		 0.81
(p=0.416)		 0.45
(p=0.653)		 −0.99
(p=0.323)		 −0.43
(p=0.669)		 −0.17
(p=0.864)		 −0.09
(p=0.928)
RCT 2 −1.63
(p=0.103)		 2.27
(p=0.023)		 3.91
(p<0.0001)		 −0.45
(p=0.650)		 −2.00
(p=0.046)		 −0.62
(p=0.533)		 −0.41
(p=0.685)
RCT 3 −1.95
(p=0.052)		 1.98
(p=0.048)		 1.51
(p=0.132)		 −1.13
(p=0.259)		 −2.45
(p=0.014)		 −0.76
(p=0.448)		 −0.79
(p=0.428)

RCT 1: simulated full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus

RCT 2: simulated full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus

RCT 3: simulated full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

ABD: Abduction, ADD: Adduction, ER: External rotation, IR: Internal rotation, EXT: Extension, FLEX: Flexion