Table 2.
Refractive error and visual acuity measured in the myopic and hyperopic participants (second-generation algorithm; N=121 eyes).
| Refractive error and visual acuity | Manifest refractiona | Online refractiona | Difference | 95% CI | P valueb | GEE modelc | ||
| Beta value | P valuec | |||||||
| Emmetropic and myopic eyes (n=104) | ||||||||
|
|
Power vector (Diopter)d | 1.59 (1.50) | 1.47 (1.27) | 0.12 | 0.00-0.24 | .04 | 1.11 | <.001 |
|
|
J0 vector (Diopter) | 0.09 (0.29) | –0.01 (0.22) | 0.10 | 0.04-0.15 | N/Ae | N/A | N/A |
|
|
J45 vector (Diopter) | 0.01 (0.17) | –0.01 (0.15) | 0.00 | –0.04 to 0.03 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Spherical equivalent (Diopter) | –1.54 (–1.52) | –1.41 (1.31) | 0.13 | –0.25 to –0.01 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Spherical power (Diopter) | –1.31 (1.43) | –1.30 (1.31) | –0.01 | –0.13 to 0.10 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Cylindrical power (Diopter) | –0.45 (0.51) | –0.23 (0.47) | –0.22 | –0.34 to –0.11 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Cylindrical axis (degrees) | 97 (58) | 101 (51) | –4 | –24 to 16 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
CDVAf logarithm of the minimum angle of resolutiong | –0.14 (0.06) | –0.03 (0.18) | –0.11 | –0.14 to –0.08 | <.001 | .08 | .13 |
|
|
CDVA Snellenh,i | 1.38 (0.20) | 1.15 (0.35) | 0.25 | 0.18-0.32 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hyperopic eyes (n=17) | ||||||||
|
|
Power vector (Diopter)d | 0.58 (0.45) | 0.33 (0.48) | 0.25 | 0.14-0.37 | .001 | .84 | <.001 |
|
|
J0 vector (Diopter) | 0.03 (0.21) | 0.00 (0.14) | 0.02 | –0.11 to 0.15 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
J45 vector (Diopter) | –0.02 (0.17) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.05 | –0.15 to 0.05 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Spherical equivalent (Diopter) | 0.53 (0.44) | 0.03 (0.57) | 0.50 | 0.11-0.89 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Spherical power (Diopter) | 0.71 (0.57) | 0.10 (0.58) | 0.61 | 0.16-1.04 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Cylindrical power (Diopter) | –0.35 (0.40) | –0.15 (0.29) | –0.21 | –0.38 to –0.04 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
Cylindrical axis (degrees) | 53 (50) | 46 (40) | 8 | –72 to 88 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
|
CDVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolutionh | –0.13 (0.06) | –0.10 (0.11) | –0.03 | –0.08 to 0.02 | .20 | .25 | .54 |
|
|
CDVA Snellenh,i | 1.37 (0.19) | 1.29 (0.28) | 0.08 | –0.06 to 0.21 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
aUnless otherwise specified, reported as mean (SD).
bPaired-sample Student t test was performed for predefined primary and secondary outcome parameters only.
cGeneralized estimates equation model to statistically correct for the inclusion of 2 eyes of one subject, age, and sex.
dSpherical and cylindrical power and axes were translated into vectors using Fourier analysis.
eNot applicable.
fCDVA: corrected distance visual acuity.
gAssessed with either the manifest or Web-based achieved correction.
hSnellen, decimal visual acuity.
iStatistical tests were performed only on predefined parameters (power vector for refraction and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution for visual acuity).